olonial affairs, 147;
hampered by Townshend, 148;
and hated by George III., 148, 149;
superseded by Hillsborough, 151;
protects Austin, 271;
timely letter of Franklin to, 365;
enters Rockingham cabinet, 365;
sends Oswald to Franklin, 365;
unwilling to admit independence of colonies, 367;
idea of a federal union, 367;
difficulties with Fox, 366, 370, 372;
becomes prime minister, 372;
assures Franklin of continuation of previous policy toward America, 372;
issues vague commission to Oswald, 372;
appealed to by Jay not to be led by Vergennes, 376;
his liberal views, 376;
gives new commission, 376;
his anxiety over the concession, 377;
earnest in behalf of Tories, 381, 382;
finally yields, 382;
condemned in England and loses office, 383.

Shirley, governor of Massachusetts, proposes scheme of colonial union, 46;
discussion with Franklin, 47-49;
appoints auditors for claims under Braddock's expedition, 54;
his success as a soldier explained by Franklin, 56.

Sieyes, M., 419.

Spain, secretly aids Beaumarchais, 229;
aid asked in recognizing United States, 274, 275, 279;
gives slight financial aid, 307, 317, 321;
interests in America threaten to prolong war, 369;
or divide France and States, 370;
tries to prevent States gaining Western lands, 380.

Stamp Act, causes leading to it, 102, 103;
colonial taxation proposed by Townshend, 103;
plan resumed by Grenville, 104, 105;
protests of colonial agents disregarded, 106;
passed, 106;
opinion of Franklin concerning, 106;
causes violent outbreak in Pennsylvania, 109;
in other colonies, 110;
rouses opposition among Grenville's opponents, 114;
among English exporters who find trade cut down, 115, 116;
attacked by Pitt, 117;
its repeal decided on, 118;
way paved by a declaratory resolution of its validity, 118;
debated, 118;
examination of Franklin as to its effects, 119-123;
effect on English sentiment, 121;
testimony as to colonial feeling, 122;
argument as to colonial right of self-taxation, 124;
repealed, 132, 133;
popular rejoicing in England, 133;
in America, 133, 134;
causes for repeal, 142;
repeal caused by union of diverse elements, 143.

St. Andrews University makes Franklin Doctor of Laws, 75.

St. Asaph, Bishop of, friend to America, 282;
visits Franklin at Portsmouth, 401;
letters to, 409, 414.

Steuben, Baron, recommended by Franklin, 246.