's own farm in Western New York.
They were afterwards supplemented by some theoretical training and by
a rather wide observation of farm orchard conditions and methods in
New York, Pennsylvania, the New England States and other contiguous
territory. These facts were first put together in something like
their present form in the winter of 1909-10, when the writer gave a
series of lectures on Commercial Fruit Growing to the Short Courses in
Horticulture at Cornell University. These lectures were revised and
repeated in 1910-11 and are now put in their present form.

The author's sincere thanks are due to Professor C.S. Wilson, of the
Department of Pomology at Cornell University, for many valuable facts
and suggestions used in this book, and for a careful reading of the
manuscript. He is also under obligations to Mr. Roy D. Anthony of the
same Department for corrections and suggestions on the chapters on
Insects and Diseases and on Spraying.

M.C. BURRITT.

Hilton, N.Y.
February, 1912.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER PAGE

I. THE OUTLOOK FOR THE GROWING OF APPLES 11

II. PLANNING FOR THE ORCHARD 18

III. PLANTING AND GROWING THE ORCHARD 30

IV. PRUNING THE TREES 48

V. CULTIVATION AND COVER CROPPING 62

VI. MANURING AND FERTILIZING 78

VII. INSECTS AND DISEASES AFFECTING THE APPLE 92

VIII. THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF SPRAYING 108

IX. HARVESTING AND STORING 127

X. MARKETS AND MARKETING 142

XI. SOME HINTS ON RENOVATING OLD ORCHARDS 153

XII. THE COST OF GROWING APPLES 164

APPLE GROWING

CHAPTER I

THE OUTLOOK FOR THE GROWING OF APPLES

The apple has long been the most popular of our tree fruits, but the
last few years have seen a steady growth in its appreciation and use.
This is probably due in a large measure to a better knowledge of its
value and to the development of new methods of preparation for
consumption. Few fruits can be utilized in as many ways as can the
apple. In addition to the common use of the fresh fruit out of hand
and of the fres