were followed with
regard to the Brothers Minor, with that overplus of caution
which the prodigious success of the Order inspired. It all
became useless when in 1221 Brother Elias became Francis's
vicar, and especially when, after the latter's death, he had all
the liberty necessary for directing the Order according to the
views of Ugolini, now become Gregory IX.

[37] 1 Cel., 25; cf. A. SS., p. 581. Pietro di Catana had the
title of doctor of laws, Giord., 11, which entirely disagrees
with what is related of Brother Pietro, 3 Soc., 28 and 29. Cf.
Bon., 28 and 29; _Spec._, 5b; _Fior._, 2; _Conform._, 47; 52b,
2; _Petrus vir litteratus erat et nobilis_, Giord., 12.

[38] We know nothing more of him except that after his death he
had the gift of miracles. Giord., 11; _Conform._, 62a, 1.

[39] He was not an ordinary man; a remarkable administrator and
orator (Eccl., 6), he was minister in France before 1224 and
again in 1240, thanks to the zeal with which he had adopted the
ideas of Brother Elias. He was nephew of Gregory IX., which
throws some light upon the practices which have just been
described. After having been swept away in Elias's disgrace and
condemned to prison for life, he became in the end Bishop of
Bayeux. I note for those who take an interest in those things
that manuscripts of two of his sermons may be found in the
National Library of Paris. The author of them being indicated
simply as _fr. Gr. min._, it has only lately become known whose
they were. These sermons were preached in Paris on Holy Thursday
and Saturday. MS. new. acq., Lat., 338 f^o 148, 159.

[40] Giord., 11. Cf. _Spec._, 34b. _Fior._, 4; _Conform._, 184a, 1.

[41] Giord., 12. Cf. Bull _Sacrosancta_ of December 9, 1219.

[42] Giord., 12. Ought we, perhaps, to read di Campello? Half
way between Foligno and Spoleto there is a place of this name.
On the other hand, the 3 Soc., 35, indicate the entrance into
the Order of a Giovanni di Capella who in the legend became the
Franciscan Judas. _Invenit abusum capelle et ab ipsa denominatus
est: ab ordine recedens factus leprosus laqueo ut Judas se
suspendit._ _Conform._, 104a, 1. Cf. _Bernard de Besse_, 96a;
_Spec._, 2; _Fior._, 1. All this is much mixed up. Perhaps we
sh