(the approbation of the Dominicans), and August 6, 1221 (death
of Dominic). Only two periods are possible: the early months of
1218 (Potthast, 5739 and 5747) and the winter of 1220-1221. At
any other time one of the three was absent from Rome.

On the other hand we know that Ugolini was in Rome in the winter
of 1220-1221 (Huillard-Breholles, _Hist. dipl._, ii., pp. 48,
123, 142. Cf. Potthast, 6589).--For Dominic see A. SS., Aug.,
vol. i., p. 503. The later date is imperative because Ugolini
could not offer prelatures to the Brothers Minor before their
explicit approbation (June 11, 1219), and this offer had no
meaning with regard to the Dominicans until after the definitive
establishment of their Order.

[13] See the imperial letters of February 10, 1221;
Huillard-Breholles, vol. ii., pp. 122-127.

[14] 2 Cel., 3, 86; Bon., 78; _Spec._, 27b.

[15] Vide K. Eubel: _Die Bischoefe, Cardinaele und Paepste aus dem
Minoritenorden bis_ 1305, 8vo, 1889.

[16] He was in Northern Italy. Vide _Registri: Doc._, 17-28.

[17] Reynerius, cardinal-deacon with the title of S. M. in
Cosmedin, Bishop of Viterbo (cf. Innocent III., _Opera_, Migne,
1, col. ccxiii), 1 Cel., 125. He had been named rector of the
Duchy of Spoleto, August 3, 1220. Potthast, 6319.

[18] Giord, 16. The presence of Dominic at an earlier chapter
had therefore been quite natural.

[19] This view harmonizes in every particular with the witness
of 1 Cel., 36 and 37, which shows the Third Order as having been
quite naturally born of the enthusiasm excited by the preaching
of Francis immediately after his return from Rome in 1210 (cf.
_Auctor vit. sec._; A. SS., p. 593b). Nothing in any other
document contradicts it; quite the contrary. Vide 3 Soc., 60.
Cf. _Anon. Perus._; A. SS., p. 600; Bon., 25, 46. Cf. A. SS.,
pp. 631-634. The first bull which concerns the Brothers of
Penitence (without naming them) is of December 16, 1221,
_Significatum est_. If it really refers to them, as Sbaralea
thinks, with all those who have interested themselves in the
question to M. Mueller inclusively--but which, it appears, might
be contested--it is because in 1221 they had made appeal to the
pope against the podestas of Faenza and the neighboring cities.