with the diaphragm. It has two
openings; one connected with the oesophagus, called the _car'di-ac_
orifice; the other connected with the upper portion of the small
intestine, called the _py-lor'ic_ orifice. It is composed of three
coats, or membranes. The exterior or serous coat is very tough and
strong, and invests every part of this important organ. The middle, or
muscular coat is composed of two layers of muscular fibres, one set of
which is arranged longitudinally, the other circularly. The interior
coat is called the mucous, and is arranged in _ru'gae_, (folds.) The
stomach is provided with a multitude of small glands, in which is
secreted the gastric fluid.

_Illustration._ The three coats of the stomach anatomically resemble
tripe, which is a preparation of the largest stomach of the cow or ox.
The outer coat is smooth and highly polished. The middle coat is
composed of minute threads, which are arranged in two layers. The
fibres of these layers cross each other. The inner coat is soft, and
presents many folds, usually named "the honey-comb."

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241. Describe the pharynx and the passages leading from it. 242. Give
the structure of the oesophagus. 243. Where is the stomach situated?
How many coats has it? Describe them. What article prepared for food
does the stomach resemble?

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[Illustration: Fig. 60. The inner surface of the stomach and duodenum. 1,
The lower portion of the oesophagus. 2, The opening through which the
food is passed into the stomach. 8, The stomach. 9, The opening through
which the food passes out of the stomach into the duodenum, or upper
portion of the small intestine. 10, 11, 14, The duodenum 12, 13, Ducts
through which the bile and pancreatic fluid pass into it. _a_, _b_, _c_,
The three coats of the stomach.]

244. The INTESTINES, or alimentary canal, are divided into two
parts--the _small_ and _large_. The small intestine is about
twenty-five feet in length, and is divided into three portions,
namely, the _Du-o-de'num_, the _Je-ju'num_, and the _Il'e-um_. The
large intestine is about five feet in length, and is divided into
three parts, namely, the _Cae'cum_, the _Co'lon_, and the _Rec'tum_.
(Appendix D.)

245. The DUODENUM is somewhat larger than the rest of the small
intestine, and has received its name from being in length about the
breadth of twelve fingers. It commences at the pylorus, and ascends
obliquely backward to the