ntem armis subegit,
super virtutem hostium locorum quoque difficultates eluctatus.'

His knowledge of the tactics of Domitian (_Strat._ i. 1, 8; i. 3, 10;
ii. 3, 23; ii. 11, 7) makes it probable that he took part in the war
with the Chatti, A.D. 83. In 97 he became _curator aquarum_ (_Aq._
102), and at the beginning of the following year was consul for the
second time (_C.I.L._ iii., p. 862); cf. Martial x. 48, 20, 'bis
Frontino consule.' In 100 he was once more consul (_C.I.L._ viii.
7066). He also held the office of augur, in which, A.D. 103 or 104, he
was succeeded by the younger Pliny; Plin. _Ep._ iv. 8, 'gratularis
mihi quod acceperim auguratum ... Successi Iulio Frontino, principi
viro.' His death then may be placed in A.D. 103.

Frontinus was a friend of Martial, who addresses to him _Epig._ x. 58.

We get a glimpse of his character from Pliny's words, _Ep._ ix. 19, 6,
'Vetuit exstrui monumentum: sed quibus verbis? "Impensa monumenti
supervacua est: memoria nostri durabit si vita meruimus."'

(2) WORKS.

During the reign of Domitian (A.D. 81-96) Frontinus composed two
works. One of these, of which only fragments survive, dealt with the
art of land-surveying and the laws relating to land. The other,
written after A.D. 84, when Domitian received the title of Germanicus
(_Strat._ ii. II, 7, 'eo bello quo victis hostibus cognomen Germanici
meruit'), is a manual of strategy, in three Books, entitled
_Strategemata_. It is a sequel to a previous work (now lost) on the
theory of the art of war, and illustrates its rules by historical
examples derived chiefly from Sallust, Caesar, and Livy. The purpose
of the book did not require the citation of authorities, and the
mention of Livy in ii. 5, 31 and 34, is probably spurious. Frontinus
gives either a paraphrase retaining some of the expressions of the
original (cf. _Strat._ i. 5, 16, with Liv. xxxv. 11, 2-13), or a bald
summary (cf. _Strat._ ii. 5, 1, with Liv. i. 14, 6-11). See G.
Gundermann, _Jahrb. f. class. Philol._, suppl. xvi., p. 315 _sqq._
(1888). Some later hand has added a fourth Book, which not only
presents marked differences in style and tone from the original three,
but deals with an entirely different subject--the maintenance of
discipline, and other duties of a commander.

Under Nerva and Trajan (A.D. 97-98) Frontinus wrote his treatise on
the Roman water-supply, _De Aquis Urbis Romae_. Having been appointed
_curator aquarum_, he considered it his f