guided."

As to such outbreaks as have recently occurred in North Carolina and
South Carolina, the remedy will not be reached by the Southern white
man merely depriving the Negro of his rights and privileges. This
method is but superficial, irritating, and must, in the nature of
things, be short-lived. The statesman, to cure an evil, resorts to
enlightenment, to stimulation; the politician, to repression. I have
just remarked that I favour the giving up of nothing that is
guaranteed to us by the Constitution of the United States, or that is
fundamental to our citizenship. While I hold to these views as
strongly as any one, I differ with some as to the method of securing
the permanent and peaceful enjoyment of all the privileges guaranteed
to us by our fundamental law.

In finding a remedy, we must recognise the world-wide fact that the
Negro must be led to see and feel that he must make every effort
possible, in every way possible, to secure the friendship, the
confidence, the co-operation of his white neighbour in the South. To
do this, it is not necessary for the Negro to become a truckler or a
trimmer. The Southern white man has no respect for a Negro who does
not act from principle. In some way the Southern white man must be led
to see that it is to his interest to turn his attention more and more
to the making of laws that will, in the truest sense, elevate the
Negro. At the present moment, in many cases, when one attempts to get
the Negro to co-operate with the Southern white man, he asks the
question, "Can the people who force me to ride in a Jim Crow car, and
pay first-class fare, be my best friends?" In answering such
questions, the Southern white man, as well as the Negro, has a duty to
perform. In the exercise of his political rights I should advise the
Negro to be temperate and modest, and more and more to do his own
thinking.

I believe the permanent cure for our present evils will come through a
property and educational test for voting that shall apply honestly and
fairly to both races. This will cut off the large mass of ignorant
voters of both races that is now proving so demoralising a factor in
the politics of the Southern States.

But, most of all, it will come through industrial development of the
Negro. Industrial education makes an intelligent producer of the
Negro, who becomes of immediate value to the community rather than
one who yields to the temptation to live merely by politics or
other