idence of the past twelve years in Louisville,
Ky., Memphis and Nashville, Tenn., Atlanta, Ga., Chicago, and New
York, and during visits to Baltimore, Md., Washington, D.C., Norfolk
and Richmond, Va., Savannah and Augusta, Ga., Chattanooga, Tenn.,
Birmingham and Mobile, Ala., New Orleans, La., and smaller cities has
afforded the author of this essay considerable opportunity to know at
first-hand this phase of Negro city life.

[25] _Atlanta University Pubs., no. 9, Notes on Negro Crime: Crime in
Cities_, by M.N. Work (Atlanta, Ga., 1904), pp. 18-32; _cf._ pp.
49-54. _Vide_ also Kellor, _Experimental Sociology_, pp. 250 _ff._

[26] _Op. cit._, p. 22.

[27] _Ibid._, pp. 26-29 _passim._

[28] _Op. cit._, p. 32.

[29] Philadelphia is the only city which has had adequate study.
_Vide_ DuBois, W.E.B., _The Philadelphia Negro_, (Philadelphia, 1889)
and Wright, R.R., Jr., _The Negro in Pennsylvania, a Study in Economic
History_ (Philadelphia, 1912).

[30] _Vide_ Weber, _op. cit., passim._

[31] _Ibid._, 232 _ff._; 241 _ff._; 283 _ff._; 346-364, _passim._

[32] A suggestive study on this phase of the city problem has been
published recently: _Industrial Causes of Congestion of Population in
New York City_, by E.E. Pratt, Ph.D., (New York, 1911), pp. 5-262.

[33] Weber, _op. cit._, pp. 161-169; 223.

[34] _Ibid._, pp. 171-173; 181-182; 223-224.

[35] Weber, _op. cit._, pp. 184-191.

[36] _Ibid._, pp. 210, 213-222.

CHAPTER II

THE NEGRO POPULATION OF NEW YORK CITY

The Negro population of New York City has had a history similar to
that of other Northern cities. Beginning with a small body of slaves,
it has since had its problems growing out of the presence of an
increasing number of Negroes in the midst of the environing white
group. In 1629, The Dutch West India Company pledged itself to furnish
slaves to the Colonists of New Amsterdam.[37] A similar resolution was
passed by the colony council in 1648[38] and by 1664 slavery had
become of sufficient importance to receive legislative regulation in
the Duke of York Code.[39] Both by further importations and by natural
increase the Negro population grew until in 1704 it numbered about
1,500; in 1741 it was estimated at about 2,000, and in 1757 about
3,000. Beginning with the first Federal Census of 1790 there was an
increase shown by each census except those of 1820 for Brooklyn and of
1850 and 1860 for other parts of New York City, mainly Manhattan.

T