all occupations | 4,045 | -- | --
-------------------------------------+--------+-----+---------
[A] In classifying these occupations, some departure has been
made from the Federal Census arrangement. Those engaged in
Public Service have been separated from Domestic and Personal
Service, while Trade and Transportation are tabulated
separately; a few occupations have been put in an unclassified
list, while one or two occupations are included that might
possibly be regarded as professional. This rearrangement,
however, does not prevent comparison with previous Federal
Census classification, and it is hoped that it is in line with
subsequent classifications.

Before leaving the subject of the restricted scope of occupations
among Negroes, something should be said of the far-reaching effects
this restriction has upon the life of the wage-earners. Negroes are
crowded into these poorer-paid occupations because many of them are
inefficient and because of the color prejudice on the part of white
workmen and employers.[62] Both of these influences are severe
handicaps in the face of the competition in this advanced industrial
community.

Restricted thus to a few occupations, there is a larger number of
competitors within a limited field with a consequent tendency to lower
an already low wage scale. In this way the limitations of occupational
mobility react upon income, producing a low standard of living, the
lodger evil, and social consequences pointed out below (pp. 80, 89,
144 ff).

To sum up the occupational condition of Negro wage-earners: The large
majority of Negroes are employed to-day in occupations of domestic and
personal service. This is partly the result of the historical
conditions of servitude, of a prejudice on the part of white workmen
and employers, which restricts them to this lower field, and of the
inefficiency of Negro wage-earners for competition in occupations
requiring a higher order of training and skill. The steady increase in
1890, 1900 and 1905 of numbers employed in occupations other than
personal and domestic service is prophetic of a probable widening
scope of the field of employment open to them.

FOOTNOTES:

[49] Williams, _History of the Negro Race in America_, vol. i, p. 135.

[50] _Colonial Doc._, i, 364.

[51] _Laws of New York_, 1691-1773, pp. 83, 156; _Doc. relating to
Colonial History of New York_, vol. i, 499; ii, 474.

[52] _Doc. rela