23), merchant and philanthropist, was founder of
McLean Asylum for Insane at Somerville, Massachusetts. Robert Rantoul
(1778-1848), of Scottish parentage, worked hard to ameliorate the
criminal legislation of the country, and took part in establishing a
charity school at Beverly, Massachusetts, which was said to be the
first Sunday School in America. Mrs. Graham, a Scotswoman, celebrated
in New York city for her benevolence and charity, founded a Sunday
School in New York for young women in 1792. The movement however
languished for some years until her daughter, Mrs. Bethune, also born
in Scotland, organized the Female Sabbath School Union of New York in
1816. By her work in this connection Mrs. Bethune earned her title of
"Mother of Sabbath Schools in America." Fanny Wright (1795-1852),
Madame Frances D'Arusmont, born in Dundee, Scotland, lectured
extensively in the United States on social, religious, and political
questions, and was the author of "Views on Society and Manners in
America," etc. Robert Dale Owen (1801-77), born in Glasgow, social
reformer, spiritualist, author, and Member of Congress from Indiana
(1843-47), was a strong advocate of negro emancipation. James Miller
McKim (1810-1874), of Ulster Scot descent, was one of the organizers
of the National Anti-Slavery Society (1835), later publishing agent of
the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, and in 1865 one of the founders
of the New York "Nation." Albert Brisbane (1809-90), of Scottish and
English descent, was the "Father of American Fourierism." Albert Keith
Smiley (1828-1912), educator and reformer, was born in Maine of
Scottish ancestry; and Thomas Kirby Cree, of Ulster Scot origin, was
Secretary for twenty-five years of the International Committee of the
Young Mens' Christian Association. John MacVicar born in Canada in
1859 of Scottish parents, was one of the originators of the Commission
form of government, developing what became known as the "Des Moines
Plan." James Duncan, born in Kincardine in 1857, is the well-known
Labor Leader.

SCOTS AS LAWYERS

John Mercer (1704-68), author of "An exact abridgment of all the
public Acts of Assembly," Williamsburg, 1737, was a descendant of the
Mercers of Aldie. Robert Auchmuty (born in Scotland, died in Boston,
1750), and his sons were distinguished lawyers of Colonial times. Hugh
Maxwell (1787-1873), born in Paisley, was Assistant Judge Advocate
General (1814) and District Attorney of New York (1