rt, the memorable
3,500-mile trip to Astoria, on the Pacific Ocean. In 1834, he settled
in New York and engaged successfully in business. During his residence
at Mackinac Island, Mich., and on his adventurous trips he was a great
friend and confidant of the Indians. Black Hawk said he was "The best
paleface friend the red men ever had." Mention may also here be made
of the Anchor line of Steamships founded by Thomas and John Henderson
of Glasgow. The ships of this line began service between Glasgow and
New York in 1856. In 1869 they established a North Sea service between
Granton, Scotland, and Scandinavian ports and through this channel
introduced many thousands of industrious Scandinavian settlers into
the United States. In 1870 they established the first direct
communication between Italy, southern Europe and the United States,
and in 1873 they inaugurated, and were the principal carriers of, the
live cattle trade between the United States and Europe.

SCOTS IN BANKING, FINANCE, INSURANCE AND RAILROADS

In the financial and commercial field in this country the Scots have
held a foremost place and stand unrivalled for integrity, energy,
fidelity, and enterprise. Many jibes are made at the expense of the
Canny Scot, but American business men have realized his value. In
business and commercial life the success of the average Scot is
remarkable and many of the guiding spirits among America's successful
business men are Scots or men of Scottish descent.

James Blair (b. 1807), brother of John Inslee Blair, was largely
identified with the development of banks and railroads in
Pennsylvania. George Smith (1808-99), born in Aberdeenshire, founded
the Wisconsin Marine and Fire Insurance Company (1839) and was later a
prominent banker in Georgia. Alexander Mitchell (1817-87), financier,
railroad builder, and one of the Commissioners of Public Debt of
Milwaukee, was born near Ellon, Aberdeenshire. Brown Brothers, bankers
in New York, was founded by Alexander Brown (1764-1834) who was born
in Ballymena of Ulster Scot parentage. George Bain (1836-91),
merchant, banker, and director in many railroads, banks, and insurance
companies, was born in Stirling, Scotland. Robert Craig Chambers (b.
1831), miner, financier, and State Senator of Utah, was of Scottish
descent. John Aikman Stewart (b. 1822), President of the United States
Trust Company and Assistant Treasurer of the United States, was born
in New York city, son of a