music, a Lenten Cantata, "The Message from the Cross." His
setting of Katherine Lee Bates's patriotic hymn, "America, the
Beautiful," has had nation-wide usage. William Wallace Gilchrist (b.
1846), composer, was of Scottish descent; and Edward Alexander
MacDowell (1861-1908), composer and Professor of Music in Columbia
University, was of Ulster Scot origin.

Robert Campbell Maywood (1784-1856), actor and theatrical manager in
Philadelphia, was born in Greenock, Scotland. Edwin Forrest
(1806-1872), the celebrated American actor, was the son of a native of
Dumfriesshire; and Robert Bruce Mantell, who made his debut in
Rochdale, England, was born in Irvine, Ayrshire, in 1854. James Edward
Murdoch (1811-93), grandson of a Scottish immigrant, was Professor of
Elocution at Cincinnati College of Music, and later a leading actor on
the American stage. During the Civil War he devoted his energies to
support of the Union and gave readings for the benefit of the United
States Sanitary Commission. Benjamin Franklin Keith (1846-1914),
theater proprietor, was of Scottish descent. Mary Garden, Singer and
Director of Grand Opera, was born in Aberdeen in 1877. James H.
Stoddart, the veteran actor, was also of Scottish origin.

SCOTS AS INVENTORS

As Scotland gave to the world the knowledge of the art of logarithms,
the steam engine, the electric telegraph, the wireless telegraph,
illuminating gas, the knowledge of chloroform, and many other
important inventions, it was to be expected that the inventive faculty
of her sons would not fail when transplanted to this country.

Hugh Orr (1717-98), born in Lochwinnoch, inventor of a machine for
dressing flax, took a patriotic part in the war of the Revolution by
casting guns and shot for the Continental Army, besides doing much to
encourage rope-making and spinning. His son, Robert, invented an
improved method of making scythes and was the first manufacturer of
iron shovels in New England. William Longstreet (1759-1814), a New
Jersey Scot, invented and patented an improvement in cotton-gins
called the "breast-roller," also a portable steam saw-mill. As early
as 1790 he was at work on the problem of the application of steam
power to the propulsion of boats, but lack of funds prevented
operations until 1807, the same year in which Fulton launched his
steamboat. His son, Augustus Baldwin Longstreet (1790-1870), became
President of South Carolina College. Robert Fulton (1765-1815), of