e boys."--Lecky.

2. In the middle of the sixteenth century ''the majority of the clergy
were nearly illiterate, and many of them addicted to drunkenness and low
vices.--Hallam, "Const. Hist, of Eng."

3. "The clergy have ruined Italy."--Brougham, "Pol. Phil."

4. "It was a significant prudence of many of the lay Catholics, who were
accustomed to insist that their priests should take a concubine _for
the protection of the families of the parishioners_.... It can hardly be
questioned that the extreme frequency of illicit connections among the
clergy _tended during many centuries most actively to lower the
moral tone of the laity_.... An impure chastity was fostered, which
continually looked upon marriage in its coarsest light.... Another
injurious consequence, resulting, in a great measure, from asceticism,
was a tendency to depreciate extremely the character and the position of
woman."--Lecky.

Appendix N.

1. "The great and main duty which a wife, as a wife, ought to learn,
and so learn as to practise it, is to be subject to her own husband....
There is not any husband to whom this honor of submission is not due; no
personal infirmity, frowardness of nature; no, not even on the point of
religion, doth deprive him of it."--Fergusson on "the Epistles."

2. "The sum of a wife's duty unto her husband is subjection.
"--Abernethy.

3. "We shall be told, perhaps, that religion imposes the duty of
obedience [upon wives]; as every established fact _which is too bad to
admit of any other defense, is always presented to us as an
injunction of religion. The Church, it is true, enjoins it in her
formularies_."--Mill.

"The principle of the modern movement in morals and in politics, is that
conduct, and conduct alone, entitles to respect: that not what men are,
but what they do constitutes their claim to deference; that, above
all, _merit and not birth is the only rightful claim to power and
authority_."--Ibid.

"Taking the care of people's lives out of their own hands, and relieving
them from the consequences of their own acts, _saps the very foundation_
of the self-respect and self-control which are the essential conditions
both of individual prosperity and of social virtue."--Ibid.

"Inferior classes of men always, at heart, feel disrespect toward those
who are subject to their power."--Ibid.

4. "Among those causes of human improvement that are of most importance
to the general welfare, must be included the t