om were disposed to be friendly. Papineau's attitude threw them into
the arms of the 'Chateau Clique.' The truth is that Papineau was too
unbending, too _intransigeant_, to make a good political leader. As
was seen clearly in his attitude toward the financial proposals of Lord
Goderich in 1830, he possessed none of that spirit of compromise which
lies at the heart of English constitutional development.

On the other hand, it must be remembered that Papineau and his friends
received much provocation. The attitude of the governing class toward
them was overbearing and sometimes insolent. They were regarded as
members of an inferior race. And they would have been hardly human if
they had not bitterly resented the conspiracy against their liberties
embodied in the abortive Union Bill of 1822. There were real abuses to
be remedied. Grave financial irregularities had been detected in the
executive government; sinecurists, living in England, drew pay for
services which they did not perform; gross favouritism existed in
appointments to office under the Crown; and so many office-holders held
seats in the Legislative Council that the Council was actually under
the thumb of {32} the executive government. Yet when the Assembly
strove to remedy these grievances, its efforts were repeatedly blocked
by the Legislative Council; and even when appeal was made to the
Colonial Office, removal of the abuses was slow in coming. Last, but
not least, the Assembly felt that it did not possess an adequate
control over the expenditure of the moneys for the voting of which it
was primarily responsible.

{33}

CHAPTER V

THE NINETY-TWO RESOLUTIONS

After 1830 signs began to multiply that the racial feud in Lower Canada
was growing in intensity. In 1832 a by-election in the west ward of
Montreal culminated in a riot. Troops were called out to preserve
order. After showing some forbearance under a fusillade of stones,
they fired into the rioters, killing three and wounding two men, all of
them French Canadians. Immediately the _Patriote_ press became
furious. The newspaper _La Minerve_ asserted that a 'general massacre'
had been planned: the murderers, it said, had approached the corpses
with laughter, and had seen with joy Canadian blood running down the
street; they had shaken each other by the hand, and had regretted that
there were not more dead. The blame for the 'massacre' was laid at the
door of Lord Aylmer. Later,