influence of this vast mass of undigested if not
indigestible immigration upon the national character and life. A most
scholarly and valuable treatment of this subject is found in the
discriminating work by Professor Mayo-Smith, one of the very best books
written on the subject. The figures are out of date, but the principles
so clearly enunciated are permanent, and the conclusions sane and sound.
This is the way he opens up the subject we are now considering:

[Sidenote: The Marks of a High Civilization]

"The whole life of a nation is not covered by its politics and its
economics. Civilization does not consist merely of free political
institutions and material prosperity. The morality of a community, its
observance of law and order, its freedom from vice, its intelligence,
its rate of mortality and morbidity, its thrift, cleanliness, and
freedom from a degrading pauperism, its observance of family ties and
obligations, its humanitarian disposition and charity, and finally its
social ideals and habits are just as much indices of its civilization as
the trial by jury or a high rate of wages. These things are, in fact,
the flower and fruit of civilization--in them consists the successful
'pursuit of happiness' which our ancestors coupled with life and liberty
as the inalienable rights of a man worthy of the name.

"In order that we may take a pride in our nationality and be willing to
make sacrifices for our country, it is necessary that it should satisfy
in some measure our ideal of what a nation ought to be. What now are the
characteristics of American state and social life which we desire to
see preserved? Among the most obvious are the following:

[Sidenote: American Ideals]

"(1) The free political constitution and the ability to govern
ourselves in the ordinary affairs of life, which we have inherited
from England and so surprisingly developed in our own history;

"(2) The social morality of the Puritan settlers of New England,
which the spirit of equality and the absence of privileged classes
have enabled us to maintain;

"(3) The economic well-being of the mass of the community, which
affords our working classes a degree of comfort distinguishing them
sharply from the artisans and peasants of Europe;

"(4) Certain social habits which are distinctively American or are,
at least, present in greater degree among our people than elsewhere
in the wor