t seems to me our only concern about immigration should be as to its
character. We do not want Europe's criminals or paupers. The time to
make selection is in Europe, prior to embarkation.--_United States
Senator Hansbrough._

IV

THE NEW IMMIGRATION

_I. New Peoples and New Problems_

[Sidenote: Change of Racial Type]

So great has been the change in the racial character of immigration
within the last ten years that the term "new immigration" has been used
to distinguish the present prevailing type from that of former years. By
new immigration we mean broadly all the aliens from southeastern
Europe--the Italians, Hungarians, Slavs, Hebrews, Greeks, and
Syrians--as distinguished from the northwestern Europeans--the English,
Scotch, Welsh, Irish, French, Germans, and Scandinavians. The ethnic
authorities at Washington make the following racial division, which is
used in the official reports:

[Sidenote: Race Classification]

"Ninety-five per cent. of the immigration to this country comes from
Europe. Most of these different races or peoples, or more properly
subdivisions of race, coming from Europe have been grouped into four
grand divisions, as follows:

"Teutonic division, from northern Europe: German, Scandinavian,
English, Dutch, Flemish, and Finnish.

"Iberic division, from southern Europe: South Italian, Greek,
Portuguese, and Spanish: also Syrian from Turkey in Asia.

"Celtic division, from western Europe; Irish, Welsh, Scotch,
French, and North Italian.

"Slavic division, from eastern Europe: Bohemian, Moravian,
Bulgarian, Servian, Montenegrin, Croatian, Slovenian, Dalmatian,
Bosnian, Herzegovinian, Hebrew, Lithuanian, Polish, Roumanian,
Russian, Ruthenian, and Slovak.

"The Mongolic division has also been added, to include Chinese,
Japanese, Korean, East Indian, Pacific Islander, and Filipino.

"Under 'all others' have been included Magyar, Turkish, Armenian,
African (black), and subdivisions native to the Western
Hemisphere."

[Sidenote: The New Immigration]

This new immigration has been commonly regarded as either decidedly
undesirable or at least distinctly less desirable than the Teutonic and
Celtic, which for so many years practically had the field of America to
itself. It has not been uncommon to group the Italians and Slavs, and
denominate them as the "offscouring and refuse of Europe," now dumped
into