rth-rate is greater than the
immense drain of immigration, so that this stream will continue to flow
and increase, unless some check is put upon it, or some legislative dam
built. The immigration from Russia, consisting chiefly of Jews, did not
become appreciable until 1887, when it reached 30,766. It passed 100,000
in 1902; and from 1900 to 1905 the total arrivals were 748,522, or just
about one half the entire number of Jews in the United States. The same
is true of the Hungarian and Slav immigration. Its prominence has come
since 1890.

[Sidenote: The Inferior Checks the Superior]

The point of importance to be considered is that as the immigration from
southeastern Europe has increased, that from northwestern Europe has
decreased. In 1869 not one per cent. of the total immigration came from
Austria-Hungary, Italy, Poland, and Russia, while in 1902 the percentage
was over seventy. In 1869 nearly three quarters of the total immigration
came from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Scandinavia; in 1902
only one fifth was from those countries. The proportion has held nearly
the same since.

[Sidenote: Change in Source]

The change is indicated most plainly in this table, which compares the
total immigration of certain nationalities for the period 1821 to 1902
with that for the year 1903:

1821 to 1902 1903
Country Number Per cent Number Per cent

Austria-Hungary 1,316,914 6.5 206,011 24.00
England, Wales 2,730,037 13.4 26,219 3.1
Germany 5,098,005 25.0 40,086 4.7
Ireland 3,944,269 19.3 35,300 4.1
Italy 1,358,507 6.7 230,622 26.9
Norway, Sweden 1,334,931 6.5 70,489 8.2
Russia, Poland 1,106,362 5.4 136,093 15.9

This table shows not only the nations which have added chiefly to our
population in the past, and which are adding to-day, but how the
percentage of each has varied in the period before 1903 compared with
1903. Mr. Hall says: "If the same proportions had obtained in the
earlier period as during the later how different might our country and
its institutions now be!"

[Sidenote: The Problem of Diverse Race Stocks]

This brings up the question of type, of character, and of homogeneity.
The new immigration introduces new problems. The older immigrat