7.

{168b} _Ibid_., p. 298.

{168c} _Ibid_., p. 301.

{169} Dr. Andrew Ure. "Philosophy of Manufactures," pp. 405, 406, _et
seq_.

{174} Afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury, died 1885.

{176} It is notorious that the House of Commons made itself ridiculous a
second time in the same session in the same way on the Sugar Question,
when it first voted against the ministry and then for it, after an
application of the ministerial whip.

{178} Let us hear another competent judge: "If we consider the example
of the Irish in connection with the ceaseless toil of the cotton
operative class, we shall wonder less at their terrible demoralisation.
Continuous exhausting toil, day after day, year after year, is not
calculated to develop the intellectual and moral capabilities of the
human being. The wearisome routine of endless drudgery, in which the
same mechanical process is ever repeated, is like the torture of
Sisyphus; the burden of toil, like the rock, is ever falling back upon
the worn-out drudge. The mind attains neither knowledge nor the power of
thought from the eternal employment of the same muscles. The intellect
dozes off in dull indolence, but the coarser part of our nature reaches a
luxuriant development. To condemn a human being to such work is to
cultivate the animal quality in him. He grows indifferent, he scorns the
impulses and customs which distinguish his kind. He neglects the
conveniences and finer pleasures of life, lives in filthy poverty with
scanty nourishment, and squanders the rest of his earnings in
debauchery."--Dr. J. Kay.

{179a} _Manchester Guardian_, October 30th.

{179b} "Stubborn Facts," p. 9 _et seq_.

{181a} Drinkwater Evidence; p. 80.

{181b} "Stubborn Facts," pp. 13-17.

{184} _Sun_, a London daily; end of November, 1844.

{186} I have neither time nor space to deal in detail with the replies
of the manufacturers to the charges made against them for twelve years
past. These men will not learn because their supposed interest blinds
them. As, moreover, many of their objections have been met in the
foregoing, the following is all that it is necessary for me to add:

You come to Manchester, you wish to make yourself acquainted with the
state of affairs in England. You naturally have good introductions to
respectable people. You drop a remark or two as to the condition of the
workers. You are made acquainted with a couple of the first Liberal
manufacturers, Robert