alling
inflection, several times in succession; then drop the subvocal or
aspirate sounds which precede or follow the vocal, and repeat the vocals
alone.

Table of Vocals.

Long Vocals.
Vocal as in Vocal as in
----- ----- ----- -----
a hate e err
a hare i pine
a far o no
a pass u tube
a fall u burn
e eve oo cool

Short Vocals
Vocal as in Vocal as in
----- ----- ----- -----
a mat o hot
e met u us
i it oo book

Diphthongs.
Vocal as in
------ --------
oi, oy oil, boy
ou, ow out,now

REMARK 1.--In this table, the short sounds, except u, are nearly or quite
the same in quality as certain of the long sounds. The difference consists
chiefly in quantity.

REMARK 2. The vocals are often represented by other letters or
combinations of letters than those used in the table; for instance, a is
represented by ai in hail, ea in steak, etc.

REMARK 3.--As a general rule, the long vocals and the diphthongs should be
articulated with a full, clear utterance; but the short vocals have a
sharp, distinct, and almost explosive utterance.

SUBVOCALS AND ASPIRATES.

Subvocals are those sounds in which the vocalized breath is more or less
obstructed.

Aspirates consist of breath only, modified by the vocal organs.

Words ending with subvocal sounds should be selected for practice on the
subvocals; words beginning or ending with aspirate sounds may be used for
practice on the aspirates. Pronounce these words forcibly and distinctly
several times in succession; then drop the other sounds, and repeat the
subvocals and aspirates alone. Let the class repeat the words and elements
at first in concert, then separately.

Table of Subvocals and Aspirates.
Subvocal as in Subvocal as in
-------- ----- -------- -----
b babe p rap
d bad t at
g nag k book
j judge ch rich
v move f life
th with th Smith
z buzz s hiss
z azure(azh'ure) sh rush

REMARK.--These sixteen sounds make eight pairs of cognates. In
articulating the aspirates, the vocal organs are