including capital expenditures of $3.2
billion (1995)

Exports: $15.3 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities: manufactured products 72%, foodstuffs 23%, mining
products 4% (1993)
partners: Germany 24%, Russia 7%, US 7%, UK 6% (1993)

Imports: $27.6 billion (f.o.b., 1993)
commodities: manufactured products 71%, fuels 14%, foodstuffs 6%
(1993)
partners: Germany 15%, US 11%, Italy 9%, Russia 8% (1993)

External debt: $66.6 billion (1994)

Industrial production: growth rate 6.7% (1993); accounts for 26% of
GDP

Electricity:
capacity: 18,710,000 kW
production: 71 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 1,079 kWh (1993)

Industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper,
boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber, paper

Agriculture: accounts for 16% of GDP; products - tobacco, cotton,
grain, olives, sugar beets, pulses, citrus fruit, variety of animal
products; self-sufficient in food most years

Illicit drugs: major transit route for Southwest Asian heroin and
hashish to Western Europe and the US via air, land, and sea routes;
major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking
organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert
imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as
well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas
of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Economic aid:
recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $2.3 billion;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-89), $10.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $665 million;
Communist countries (1970-89), $4.5 billion
note: aid for Persian Gulf war efforts from coalition allies (1991),
$4.1 billion; aid pledged for Turkish Defense Fund, $2.5 billion

Currency: 1 Turkish lira (TL) = 100 kurus

Exchange rates: Turkish liras (TL) per US$1 - 37,444.1 (December
1994), 29,608.7 (1994), 10,984.6 (1993), 6,872.4 (1992), 4,171.8
(1991), 2,608.6 (1990)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Turkey:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 10,413 km
standard gauge: 10,413 km 1.435-m gauge (1,033 km electrified)

Highways:
total: 320,611 km
paved: 29,915 km (including 862 km of expressways)
unpaved: 290,696 km (1992)

Inland waterways: about 1,200 km

Pipelines: crude oil 1,738 km; petroleum products 2,321 km; natural
gas 708 km

Ports: Gemlik, Hopa, Iskenderun,