126.65 (1992), 134.71 (1991), 144.79 (1990)
German deutsche marks: (DM) per US$ - 1.5313 (January 1995), 1.6228
(1994), 1.6533 (1993), 1.5617 (1992), 1.6595 (1991), 1.6157 (1990)

Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September

@United States:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 240,000 km mainline routes (nongovernment owned)
standard gauge: 240,000 km 1.435-m gauge (1989)

Highways:
total: 6,243,163 km
paved: 3,633,520 km (including 84,865 km of expressways)
unpaved: 2,609,643 km (1990)

Inland waterways: 41,009 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of
the Great Lakes (est.)

Pipelines: petroleum 276,000 km; natural gas 331,000 km (1991)

Ports: Anchorage, Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Chicago, Duluth,
Hampton Roads, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Los Angeles, New
Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Port Canaveral, Portland (Oregon),
Prudhoe Bay, San Francisco, Savannah, Seattle, Tampa, Toledo

Merchant marine:
total: 354 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,462,000
GRT/16,477,000 DWT
ships by type: bulk 22, cargo 28, chemical tanker 16, intermodal 130,
liquefied gas tanker 13, passenger-cargo 2, tanker 130, tanker
tug-barge 13
note: in addition, there are 189 government-owned vessels

Airports:
total: 15,032
with paved runways over 3,047 m: 181
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 208
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1,242
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 2,489
with paved runways under 914 m: 8,994
with unpaved runways over 3,047 m: 1
with unpaved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7
with unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 180
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1,730

@United States:Communications

Telephone system: 126,000,000 telephones; 7,557,000 cellular
telephones
local: NA
intercity: large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay,
coaxial cable, and domestic satellites
international: 16 satellites and 24 ocean cable systems in use; 61
INTELSAT (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean) earth stations
(1990)

Radio:
broadcast stations: AM 4,987, FM 4,932, shortwave 0
radios: 530 million

Television:
broadcast stations: 1,092 (about 9,000 cable TV systems)
televisions: 193 million

@United States:Defense Forces

Branches: Department of the Army, Department of the Navy (includes
Marine Corps), Department of the Air Force

Defense expenditures: $284.4 billion, 4.2% of GDP (1994 est.)

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