tside the FSU (1994)
commodities: natural gas, cotton, petroleum products, electricity,
textiles, carpets
partners: Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Georgia,
Azerbaijan, Armenia, Eastern Europe, Turkey, Argentina

Imports: $304 million from states outside the FSU (1994)
commodities: machinery and parts, grain and food, plastics and rubber,
consumer durables, textiles
partners: Russia, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkey

External debt: NEGL

Industrial production: growth rate -25% (1994)

Electricity:
capacity: 2,480,000 kW
production: 10.5 billion kWh
consumption per capita: 2,600 kWh (1994)

Industries: natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food
processing

Agriculture: cotton, grain, animal husbandry

Illicit drugs: illicit cultivator of cannabis and opium poppy; mostly
for CIS consumption; limited government eradication program; used as
transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia to Western
Europe

Economic aid:
recipient: Turkmenistan has received about $200 million in bilateral
aid credits

Currency: Turkmenistan introduced its national currency, the manat, on
1 November 1993

Exchange rates: manats per US$1 - multiple rate system: 10 (official)
and 230 (permitted in transactions between the government and
individuals)

Fiscal year: calendar year

@Turkmenistan:Transportation

Railroads:
total: 2,120 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial
lines
broad gauge: 2,120 km 1.520-m gauge (1990)

Highways:
total: 23,000 km
paved and graveled: 18,300 km
unpaved: earth 4,700 km (1990)

Pipelines: crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km

Ports: Turkmenbashi (formerly Krasnowodsk)

Airports:
total: 64
with paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 13
with paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8
with paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 1
with unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 7
with unpaved runways under 914 m: 35

@Turkmenistan:Communications

Telephone system: NA telephones; only 7.5 telephones/100 persons
(1991); poorly developed
local: NA
intercity: NA
international: linked by cable and microwave to other CIS republics
and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow
international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to
Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches
international traffic through Turkey via INTELSAT; 1 Orbita and 1
INTELSAT earth station