= 2-1.
4. asage asage = 2-2.

ZAPARA.[189]

1. nuquaqui.
2. namisciniqui.
3. haimuckumarachi.
4. namisciniqui ckara maitacka = 2 + 2.
5. namisciniqui ckara maitacka nuquaqui = 2 pairs + 1.
6. haimuckumaracki ckaramsitacka = 3 pairs.

APINAGES.[190]

1. pouchi.
2. at croudou.
3. at croudi-pshi = 2-1.
4. agontad-acroudo = 2-2.

COTOXO.[191]

1. ihueto.
2. ize.
3. ize-te-hueto = 2-1.
4. ize-te-seze = 2-2.
5. ize-te-seze-hue = 2-2-1.

MBAYI.[192]

1. uninitegui.
2. iniguata.
3. iniguata dugani = 2 over.
4. iniguata driniguata = 2-2.
5. oguidi = many.

TAMA.[193]

1. teyo.
2. cayapa.
3. cho-teyo = 2 + 1.
4. cayapa-ria = 2 again.
5. cia-jente = hand.

CURETU.[194]

1. tchudyu.
2. ap-adyu.
3. arayu.
4. apaedyai = 2 + 2.
5. tchumupa.

If the existence of number systems like the above are to be accounted for
simply on the ground of low civilization, one might reasonably expect to
find ternary and and quaternary scales, as well as binary. Such scales
actually exist, though not in such numbers as the binary. An example of the
former is the Betoya scale,[195] which runs thus:

1. edoyoyoi.
2. edoi = another.
3. ibutu = beyond.
4. ibutu-edoyoyoi = beyond 1, or 3-1.
5. ru-mocoso = hand.

The Kamilaroi scale, given as an example of binary formation, is partly
ternary; and its word for 6, _guliba guliba_, 3-3, is purely ternary. An
occasional ternary trace is also found in number systems otherwise decimal
or quinary vigesimal; as the _dlkunoutl_, second 3, of the Haida Indians of
British Columbia. The Karens of India[196] in a system otherwise strictly
decimal, exhibit the following binary-ternary-quaternary vagary:

6. then tho = 3 x 2.
7. then tho ta = 3 x 2-1.
8. lwie tho = 4 x 2.
9. lwie tho ta = 4 x 2-1.

In the Wokka dialect,[197] found on the Burnett River, Australia, a single
ternary numeral is found, thus:

1. karboon.
2. wombura.
3. chrommunda.
4. chrommuda karboon = 3-1.

Instances of quaternary numeration are less rare than are those of ternary,
and there is reason to believe that this method of counting has been
practised more extensively than any other, except the binary and the three
natural methods, th