s are removable boxes
and are shaped to give bars or cakes or any form desired of sugar in
mass. These boxes being removable cannot fit tightly against the liquor
guides, and the liquor is apt to escape. This difficulty is overcome by
giving the guides radial movement or by having rubber packing around
the edges.

Sugar machines proper are of two kinds--those which are loaded, drained
and then unloaded and those which are continuous in their working. The
various figures preceding are of the first kind, and what has been said
of vibrations applies directly to these.

The general advantages claimed for continuous working over intermittent
are--that saving is made of time and motive power incident to
introducing charge and developing velocity, in retarding and stopping,
and in discharging; that, as the power is brought into the machine
continuously, no shifting of belts or ungearing is necessary; and that
there are less of the dangers incident to variable motion, either in
the machine itself or the belting or gearing. The magma (the mixture of
crystalline sugar and sirup) is fed in gradually, by which means it is
more likely to assume a position of equilibrium in the basket.

There are two methods of discharging in continuous working--the sugar
is thrown out periodically as the basket fills, or continuously. In
neither case is the speed slackened. In the first either the upper
half of the basket has an upward motion, on the lower half a downward
motion (Pat. 252,483); and through the opening thus made the sugar is
thrown. Fig. 22 (R.B. Palmer & Sons) is a machine of this kind. The
bottom, B, with the cone distributor, _a_, have downward motion.

[Illustration: Fig. 22.]

Continuous discharge of the second kind may be brought about by having
a scoop fixed to the curb (or casing), extending down into the basket
and delivering the sugar over the side (Pat. 144,319). Another method
will be described under "Beet Machines."

BASKET.--The construction of the basket is exceedingly important. Hard
experience has taught this. When centrifugals were first introduced,
users were compelled by law to put them below ground; for they
frequently exploded, owing to the speed being suddenly augmented by
inequalities in the running of the engine or to the basket being too
weak to resist the centrifugal force of the overcharge. Increasing the
thickness merely adds to the centrifugal force, and hence to the
danger, as even a perfectly ba