logy in the Royal
Institution in 1845 enabled him to exhibit his powers as a teacher and
lecturer, his gift of ready speech and luminous interpretation placing
him in the front rank of exponents, at a time when the popularization of
science was in its infancy. His manifold labours as investigator,
author, editor, demonstrator and lecturer knew no cessation through
life; but in assessing the value of his work, prominence should be given
to his researches in marine zoology, notably in the lower organisms, as
Foraminifera and Crinoids. These researches gave an impetus to deep-sea
exploration, an outcome of which was in 1868 the "Lightning," and later
the more famous "Challenger," expedition. He took a keen and laborious
interest in the evidence adduced by Canadian geologists as to the
organic nature of the so-called _Eozoon Canadense_, discovered in the
Laurentian strata, and at the time of his death had nearly finished a
monograph on the subject, defending the now discredited theory of its
animal origin. He was an adept in the use of the microscope, and his
popular treatise on _The Microscope and its Revelations_ (1856) has
stimulated a host of observers to the use of the "added sense" with
which it has endowed man. In 1856 Carpenter became registrar of the
university of London, and held the office for twenty-three years; on his
resignation in 1879 he was made a C.B. in recognition of his services to
education generally. Biologist as he was, Carpenter nevertheless made
reservations as to the extension of the doctrine of evolution to man's
intellectual and spiritual nature. In his _Principles of Mental
Physiology_ he asserted both the freedom of the will and the existence
of the "Ego," and one of his last public engagements was the reading of
a paper in support of miracles. He died in London, from injuries
occasioned by the accidental upsetting of a spirit-lamp, on the 19th of
November 1885.

CARPENTRAS, a town of south-eastern France, capital of an arrondissement
in the department of Vaucluse 16 m. N.E. of Avignon by rail. Pop. (1906)
town, 7775; commune, 10,721. The town stands on the left bank of the
Auzon on an eminence, the summit of which is occupied by the church of
St Siffrein, formerly a cathedral, and the adjoining law-court. St
Siffrein, in its existing state, dates from the 15th and 16th centuries
and is Gothic in style, but it preserves remains of a previous church of
Romanesque architecture. The rich sc