ion was held at Birmingham (1861). In 1866 Miss Carpenter was at
last able to carry out a long-cherished plan of visiting India, where
she found herself an honoured guest. She visited Calcutta, Madras and
Bombay, inaugurated the Bengal Social Science Association, and drew up a
memorial to the governor-general dealing with female education,
reformatory schools and the state of gaols. This visit was followed by
others in 1868 and 1869. Her attempt to found a female normal school was
unsuccessful at the time, owing to the inadequate previous education of
the women, but afterwards such colleges were founded by government. A
start, however, was made with a model Hindu girls' school, and here she
had the co-operation of native gentlemen. Her last visit to India took
place in 1875, two years before her death, when she had the satisfaction
of seeing many of her schemes successfully established. At the meeting
of the prison congress in 1872 she read a paper on "Women's Work in the
Reformation of Women Convicts." Her work now began to attract attention
abroad. Princess Alice of Hesse summoned her to Darmstadt to organize a
Women's Congress. Thence she went to Neuchatel to study the prison
system of Dr Guillaume, and in 1873 to America, where she was
enthusiastically received. Miss Carpenter watched with interest the
increased activity of women during the busy 'seventies. She warmly
supported the movement for their higher education, and herself signed
the memorial to the university of London in favour of admitting them to
medical degrees. She died at Bristol on the 14th of June 1877, having
lived to see the accomplishment of nearly all the reforms for which she
had worked and hoped. (A. Z.)

CARPENTER, WILLIAM BENJAMIN (1813-1885), English physiologist and
naturalist, was born at Exeter on the 29th of October 1813. He was the
eldest son of Dr Lant Carpenter. He attended medical classes at
University College, London, and then went to Edinburgh, where he took
the degree of M.D. in 1839. The subject of his graduation thesis, "The
Physiological Inferences to be Deduced from the Structure of the Nervous
System of Invertebrated Animals," indicates a line of research which had
fruition in his _Principles of General and Comparative Physiology_. His
work in comparative neurology was recognized in 1844 by his election to
the Royal Society, which awarded him a Royal medal in 1861; and his
appointment as Fullerian professor of physio