paned, while
the upper one has six rectangular panes above which six ornamental
shaped panes form a semicircle.

Similar dormers, differing chiefly in ornamental detail, are features of
Loudoun, Vernon, Upsala, Hope Lodge, Port Royal House, the Perot-Morris
house, the Billmeyer house, the Wharton house, Number 336 Spruce Street;
the Powel house, Number 244 South Third Street; and the Stocker house,
Number 404 South Front Street. The dormers of Cliveden and Mount
Pleasant are of this type but further elaborated by projecting
ornamental scrolls at the sides.

As the architecture of Philadelphia is almost exclusively in brick and
stone, there were none of the architrave casings and ornamental heads
consisting of a cornice above the architrave and often of a complete
entablature which characterized much contemporary New England work in
wood. Brick and stone construction require solid rather than cased wood
frames let into the reveals of the brick wall and have no projections
other than a molded sill, as on the Morris house, while a stone lintel
or brick arch must replace the ornamental head, often such a pleasing
feature of wood construction. The frames were of heavy construction held
together at the corners by large dowel pins and were ornamented by
suitable moldings broken around the reveals of the masonry and by molded
sash guides in the frame. In the earlier brick houses the square-headed
window openings had either gauged arches, as at Hope Lodge, or relieving
arches of alternate headers and stretchers with a brick core, as at
Stenton. Later, as in the case of hewn stonework, prominent stone
lintels and window sills were adopted. Marble was much favored for this
purpose because it harmonizes with the white-painted woodwork, brightens
the facade and emphasizes the fenestration. Most of the lintels take the
shape of a flat, gauged arch with flutings simulating mortar joints that
radiate from an imaginary center below and mark off voussoirs and a
keystone. Usually there is no surface ornamentation, the shape of the
parts being depended upon to form a decorative pattern, the shallow
vertical and horizontal scorings on the lintels of the Morris house
being exceptional. These, the lintels of Cliveden and of the Free
Quakers' Meeting House, exemplify the three most common types.

[Illustration: PLATE LXIV.--Chimney Piece and Paneled Wall on the Second
Floor of an old Spruce Street House; Detail of Mantel, 312 Cypress
Street