and Pen Rhyn in Bensalem Township, Bucks
County, are rare instances of shutters on the first story and blinds on
the second and third stories.

[Illustration: PLATE LXVI.--Mantel at Upsala; Mantel at Third and De
Lancey Streets.]

[Illustration: PLATE LXVII.--Mantel, Rex House, Mount Airy; Mantel at
729 Walnut Street.]

These outside shutters are of heavy construction like doors, the stiles
and rails having mortise and tenon joints held together by dowel pins
and the panels being molded and raised. Usually frieze and lock rails
divide the shutter into three panels, the two lower ones being the same
height and the upper one square. Accompanying illustrations show
eighteen-paned windows having shutters arranged in this manner at Number
128 Race Street and in Combes Alley. At Cliveden the upper panel is not
quite high enough to be square, and the same is true of the Morris house
shutters, which are also notable for the fact that the lower panel is
not quite so high as the middle one. Sometimes an opening of ornamental
shape was cut through the top panel to admit a little light, as for
instance the crescent in the shutters at Wynnestay, Wynnefield, West
Philadelphia. On a relatively few houses the shutters had four panels,
the most common arrangement being a small and a large panel in
alternation from the top downward. Such shutters were features of
Loudoun, the Wistar house, Fourth and Locust streets; the Blackwell
house, Number 224 Pine Street; the Powel house, Number 244 South Third
Street; the Evans house, Number 322 Spruce Street; and the Wharton
house, Number 336 Spruce Street. An accompanying illustration shows an
unusual four-panel arrangement on the Witherill house, Number 130 North
Front Street, the three upper almost square panels being of the same
size and the lowest one being about twice as high as one of the small
ones. Top, frieze and lock rails are usually the same width as the
stiles, and the bottom rail is about double width. The meeting stiles
and sometimes those on the opposite side have rabbeted joints, the
latter fitting the jambs of the window frame.

As indicated by an accompanying illustration showing the typical
treatment of a second-floor twelve-paned window at Number 6105
Germantown Avenue, Germantown, most blinds were strengthened by a lock
rail about midway of the height, or slightly below, dividing the blind
into an upper and lower section. Blinds of this sort are to be seen at
Loudoun, G