f this Goddess, and
for this reason they adorned it more delicately, adding Bases which
represent the Buskin'd Ornaments of the Legs and Feet, according to the
Mode of that time; and Made the _Channellings_ deeper to represent the
Foldings and Plaits of a fine light Garment. They put likewise _Volutes_
or _Scrowls_ upon the _Capital_, pretending that they imitated the
Head-Dress of a Young Lady, whose Hair Beautifully descending from the
top of her Head, was folded up under each Ear.

Afterwards _Calimachus_ an _Athenian_, embellished the Capitals of the
Pillars, adding to them more Beautiful _Volutes_ or _Scrowls_, and more
in number, enriching them with the Leaves of _Brank Ursine_ and Roses.
It's said, That this Capital, which, according to _Vitruvius_, makes all
the Distinction betwixt the _Corinthian_ and _Ionick_ Order, was
invented by this ingenious Artisan upon this occasion. Having seen the
Leaves of the above-mentioned Plant grow round about a Basket which was
set upon the Tomb of a Young _Corinthian_ Lady, and which, as it
happened, was set upon the middle of the Plant. He represented the
Basket by the _Tambour_ or _Vase_ of the Capital, to which he made an
_Abacus_ to imitate the Tile with which the Basket was covered, and that
he represented the Stalks of the Herb by the _Volutes_ or _Scrowls_,
which were ever after placed upon the _Corinthian_ Capital. See Table
the IXth.

This great Artist likewise invented other Ornaments, as those we call
_Eggs_, because of the _Ovals_ in the _Relief_ which are in the
Mouldings of the _Corniches_ and are like _Eggs_. The Ancients called
this Ornament _Echinus_, which signifies the sharp prickly shell of
Chestnuts, because they found these Ovals represented a Chestnut half
open, as it is when it's ripe.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 3. Chap. 2._]

He likewise makes mention of another Famous Author, who found out the
proportion of all the Parts of a Fabrick, which was _Hermogenes_; to
whom he attributes the Invention of the _Eustyle_, _Pseudodiptere_, and
of all that is beautiful and excellent in Architecture.

ART. II.

_What Architecture is._

[Sidenote: _Lib. 1. Chap. 1._]

Architecture is a Science which ought to be accompanied with the
Knowledge of a great many other Arts and Sciences, by which means it
forms a correct Judgment of all the Works of other Arts that appertain
to it. This Science is acquired by _Theory_ and _Practice_. The _Theory_
of _Architecture_ is