olid Ground,
and even into the solid as much as is necessary to support the Weight of
the Walls; it must be larger below than above the Superficies of the
Earth.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 3. Chap. 3._]

When you have found firm Earth to make it more solid, you must beat it
with a Rammer; but if you cannot arrive at solid Earth, but find it
still soft and spungy, you must dig as far as you can, and drive in
Piles of Alder, Olive, or Oak, a little singed, near together, and fill
up the void Places between the Piles with Coal.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 1. Chap. 5._]

In short, you must make all Masonry with the most solid Stone that can
be found for this use.

To make the Binding of the Stones the stronger in the Foundation of
great Fabricks, you must put Piles of Olive a little singed and placed
very thick from one Parement or Course to another, which serves, as it
were, for Keys and Braces; for this Wood so prepar'd, is not subject to
Worms, and will endure for ever, either in the Earth or in the Water,
without the least Damage.

[Sidenote: _Lib. 6. Chap. 11._]

When you would make Cellars, the Foundations must be much larger; for
the Wall that is to support the Earth requires a greater thickness to
resist the strong Efforts that the Earth makes against it in Winter, at
which time it swells and becomes more heavy by reason of the Water it
has drunk up.

ART. IV.

_Of the Walls._

[Sidenote: _Lib. 4. Chap. 2._]

The right ordering of Stones joined with Mortar, which is call'd
Masonry, is sevenfold; there are three of them which are of hewed Stone;
_viz._ that which is in Form of a _Net_, that which is in _Binding_,
that which is call'd the _Greek Masonry_. There are likewise three sorts
of Masonry of unhewed Stones; _viz._ that which is of an _equal Course_;
and that which is of an unequal, and that which is fill'd up in the
middle; the seventh is compounded of all the rest.

The _Net-Masonry_ is that which is made of Stones perfectly squar'd in
their Courses, and are laid so, that the Joints go obliquely, and the
Diagonals are the one Perpendicular, and the other Level. This is the
most pleasing Masonry to the Sight, but it is apt to crack. See the
Figure A. Table I.

The Masonry call'd the _Bound-Masonry_, is that, as _Vitruvius_ explains
it, in which the Stones are plac'd one upon another like Tiles; that is
to say, where the Joints of the Beds are Level, and the Mounters are
Perpendicular; so that the Joint tha