ommencement.

Grecian Mundane era 1 Sep. 5598 B.C.
Civil era of Constantinople 1 Sep. 5508 "
Alexandrian era 29 Aug. 5502 "
Ecclesiastical|era of Antioch 1 Sep. 5492 "
Julian Period 1 Jan. 4713 "
Mundane era Oct. 4008 "
Jewish Mundane era Oct. 3761 "
Era of Abraham 1 Oct. 2015 "
Era of the Olympiads 1 July 776 "
Roman era 24 April 753 "
Era of Nabonassar 26 Feb. 747 "
Metonic Cycle 15 July 432 "
Grecian or Syro-Macedonian era 1 Sep. 312 "
Tyrian era 19 Oct. 125 "
Sidonian era Oct. 110 "
Caesarean era of Antioch 1 Sep. 48 "
Julian year 1 Jan. 45 "
Spanish era 1 Jan. 38 "
Actian era 1 Jan. 30 "
Augustan era 14 Feb. 27 "
Vulgar Christian era 1 Jan. 1 A.D.
Destruction of Jerusalem 1 Sep. 69 "
Era of Maccabees 24 Nov. 166 "
Era of Diocletian 17 Sep. 284 "
Era of Ascension 12 Nov. 295 "
Era of the Armenians 7 July 552 "
Mahommedan era of the Hegira 16 July 622 "
Persian era of Yezdegird 16 June 632 "

For the Revolutionary Calendar see FRENCH REVOLUTION _ad fin._

The principal works on the calendar are the following:--Clavius, _Romani
Calendarii a Gregorio XIII. P.M. restituti Explicatio_ (Rome, 1603); _L'Art
de verifier les dates_; Lalande, _Astronomie_ tome ii.; _Traite de la
sphere et du calendrier_, par M. Revard (Paris, 1816); Delambre, _Traite de
l'astronomie theorique et pratique_, tome iii.; _Histoire de l'astronomie
moderne; Methodus technica brevis, perfacilis, ac perpetua construendi
Calendarium Ecclesiasticum, Stylo tam novo quam vetere, pro cunctis
Christianis Europae populis, &c._, auctore Paulo Tittel (Gottingen, 1816);
_Formole analitiche pel calcolo delta Pasgua, e correzione di quello di
Gauss, con critiche osservazioni su quanta ha scritto del calendario il
Delambri_, di Lodovico Ciccolini (Rome, 1817); E.H. Lindo, _Jewish Calendar
for Sixty-four Years_ (1838); W.S.B. Woolhouse, _Measures, Weights, and
Moneys of all Nations_ (1869).

(T. G.; W. S. B. W.)

CALENDER, (1) (Fr. _calendre_, from the Med. Lat. _calendra_, a corruption
of the Latinized form of the Gr. [Greek: kulindros], a cylinder), a machi