ina, 8 m. N.N.W. of Casilinum. It was taken by
the Romans in 335 B.C., and, a colony with Latin rights of 2500 citizens
having been established there, it was for a long time the centre of the
Roman dominion in Campania, and the seat of the quaestor for southern Italy
even down to the days of Tacitus.[1] It was an important base in the war
against Hannibal, and at last refused further contributions for the war.
Before 184 more settlers were sent there. After the Social War it became a
_municipium_. The fertility of its territory and its manufacture of black
glazed pottery, which was even exported to Etruria, made it prosperous. At
the end of the 3rd century it appears as a colony, and in the 5th century
it became an episcopal see, which (jointly with Teano since 1818) it still
is, though it is now a mere village. The cathedral, of the 12th century,
has a carved portal and three apses decorated with small arches and
pilasters, and contains a fine pulpit and episcopal throne in marble
mosaic. Near it are two grottos [v.04 p.1004] which have been used for
Christian worship and contain frescoes of the 10th and 11th centuries (E.
Bertaux, _L'Art dans l'Italie meridionale_ (Paris, 1904), i. 244, &c.).
Inscriptions name six gates of the town: and there are considerable remains
of antiquity, especially of an amphitheatre and theatre, of a supposed
temple, and other edifices. A number of tombs belonging to the Roman
necropolis were discovered in 1883.

See C. Huelsen in Pauly-Wissowa, _Realencyclopaedie_, iii. 1351 (Stuttgart,
1899).

(T. AS.)

[1] To the period after 335 belong numerous silver and bronze coins with
the legend _Caleno_.

CALF. (1) (A word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. German
_Kalb_, and Dutch _kalf_), the young of the family of _Bovidae_, and
particularly of the domestic cow, also of the elephant, and of marine
mammals, as the whale and seal. The word is applied to a small island close
to a larger one, like a calf close to its mother's side, as in the "Calf of
Man," and to a mass of ice detached from an iceberg. (2) (Of unknown
origin, possibly connected with the Celtic _calpa_, a leg), the fleshy
hinder part of the leg, between the knee and the ankle.

CALF, THE GOLDEN, a molten image made by the Israelites when Moses had
ascended the Mount of Yahweh to receive the Law (Ex. xxxii.). Alarmed at
his lengthy absence the people clamoured for "gods" to lead them, and at
the instigation of Aa