logical gardens, the residence of the lieutenant-governor of Bengal,
cantonments for a native infantry regiment, the central gaol and a
government reformatory. The port of Calcutta stretches about 10 m. along
the river. It is under the control of a port trust, whose jurisdiction
extends to the mouth of the Hugli and also over the floating bridge. New
docks were opened in 1892, which cost upwards of two millions sterling. The
figures for the sea-borne trade of Calcutta are included in those of
Bengal. Its inland trade is carried on by country boat, inland steamer,
rail and road, and amounted in 1904-1905 to about four and three quarter
millions sterling. More than half the total is carried by the East Indian
railway, which serves the United Provinces. Country boats hold their own
against inland steamers, especially in imports.

_Municipality._--The municipal government of Calcutta was reconstituted by
an act of the Bengal legislature, passed in 1899. Previously, the governing
body consisted of seventy-five commissioners, of whom fifty were elected.
Under the new system modelled upon that of the Bombay municipality, this
body, styled the corporation, remains comparatively unaltered; but a large
portion of their powers is transferred to a general committee, composed of
twelve members, of whom one-third are elected by the corporation, one-third
by certain public bodies and one-third are nominated by the government. At
the same time, the authority of the chairman, as supreme executive officer,
is considerably strengthened. The two most important works undertaken by
the old municipality were the provision of a supply of filtered water and
the construction of a main drainage system. The water-supply is derived
from the river Hugli, about 16 m. above Calcutta, where there are large
pumping-stations and settling-tanks. The drainage-system consists of
underground sewers, which are discharged by a pumping-station into a
natural depression to the eastward, called the Salt Lake. Refuse is also
removed to the Salt Lake by means of a municipal railway.

_Education._--The Calcutta University was constituted in 1857, as an
examining body, on the model of the university of London. The chief
educational institutions are the Government Presidency College; three aided
missionary colleges, and four unaided native colleges; the Sanskrit College
and the Mahommedan Madrasah; the government medical college, the government
engineering college at S