r the loss or
emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations, and claims
shall be held illegal and void.

Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate
legislation the provisions of this article.

ARTICLE XV.--Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State
on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by
appropriate legislation.

ARTICLE XVI.--The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on
incomes from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the
several States and without regard to any census or enumeration.

ARTICLE XVII.--Section 1. The Senate of the United States shall be
composed of two senators from each State, elected by the people thereof,
for six years; and each senator shall have one vote. The electors in
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the
most numerous branch of the State legislature.

Section 2. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in
the Senate the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of
election to fill such vacancies, Provided, that the legislature of any
State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments
until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may
direct.

Section 3. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the
election or term of any senator chosen before it becomes valid as part
of the Constitution.

APPENDIX B.

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION.

_Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union between the States of New
Hampshire, Massachusetts Bay, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,
Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland,
Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia._

ARTICLE I.--The style of this Confederacy shall be, "The United States
of America."

ART. II.--Each State retains its sovereignty, freedom, and independence,
and every power, jurisdiction, and right, which is not by this
Confederation expressly delegated to the United States in Congress
assembled.

ART. III.--The said States hereby severally enter into a firm league of
friendship with each other, for their common defense, the security of
their liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding
themselves to assist each other against