ut, with conical recurved
crowns and large roots, expanded laterally and flattened, or rather
hollowed, on the anterior and posterior surfaces. Rostrum about equal
in length to the cranial part of the skull, broad and flattened above,
rounded in front; premaxillae broad and rather concave in front of the
nostrils, contracted at the middle of the rostrum, and expanding again
towards the apex. Vertebrae: C 7, D 11-12, L 10, Ca 23; total 51 or
52; bodies of the first and second and sometimes the third cervical
vertebrae united; the rest free. Flippers very large, ovate, nearly as
broad as long, with all the phalanges and metacarpals broader than
long. General form of body robust. Face short and rounded. Dorsal fin
near the middle of the back, very high and pointed. See GRAMPUS.

[Illustration: FIG. 10.--The Grampus or Killer (_Orca gladiator_).]

The lesser killer or black killer, _Pseudorca crassidens_, has its
8-12/8-12 teeth confined to the anterior half of the rostrum and
corresponding part of the lower jaw; they are small, conical, curved
and sharp-pointed when unworn, but sometimes deciduous in old age.
Skull broad and depressed; with the rostrum and cranial portions about
equal in length. Upper surface of rostrum broad and flat. Premaxillae
concave in front of the nostrils, as wide at the middle of the rostrum
as at the base, and nearly or completely concealing the maxillae in
the anterior half of this region. Vertebrae: C 7, D II, L 12-14, Ca
28-29; total 58 or 59. Bodies of the anterior five or six cervical
vertebrae united. Length of the bodies of the lumbar and anterior
caudal vertebrae about equal to their width. Flippers very long and
narrow, with the second digit the longest, and having as many as 12 or
13 phalanges, the third shorter (with 9 phalanges), the first, fourth
and fifth very short. Fore part of the head round, in consequence of
the great development of a cushion of fat, placed on the rostrum of
the skull in front of the blow-hole. Dorsal fin low and triangular,
the length of its base considerably exceeding its vertical height.

Next comes the ca'ing whale, or black-fish (_Globicephalus melas_),
with about ten pairs of upper and lower teeth. Cranial and dental
characters generally like those of _Orca_, except that the roots of
the teeth are cylindrical. Vertebrae: C 7, D 10, L 9, Ca 24; total 50;
first to sixth or seventh cervic