J.F. Fraser.
The town was restored to Spain by the British at the close of the
Napoleonic Wars. As the result of the war between Spain and Morocco in
1860 the area of Spanish territory around the town was increased. The
military governor of the town also commands the troops in the other
Spanish stations on the coast of Morocco. For civil purposes Ceuta is
attached to the province of Cadiz. It is a free port, but does little
trade.

See de Prado, _Recuerdos de Africa; historia de la plaza de Ceuta_
(Madrid, 1859-1860); Budgett Meakin, _The Land of the Moors_ (London,
1901), chap, xix., where many works dealing with Spanish Morocco are
cited.

CEVA, a town of Piedmont, Italy, in the province of Cuneo, 33 m. E. by
rail from the town of Cuneo, 1270 ft. above sea-level. Pop. (1901) 2703.
In the middle ages it was a strong fortress defending the confines of
Piedmont towards Liguria, but the fortifications on the rock above the
town were demolished in 1800 by the French, to whom it had been ceded in
1796. Its cheese (_caseus cebanus_) was famous in Roman times, but it
does not seem ever to have been a Roman town. It lay on the road between
Augusta Taurinorum and Vada Sabatia. A branch railway runs from Ceva
through Garessio, with its marble quarries, to Ormea (2398 ft.), 22 m.
to the south through the upper valley of the Tanaro, which in Roman
times was under Albingaunum (Th. Mommsen in _Corp. Inscr. Lat._ v.
(Berlin, 1877), p. 898). From Ormea a road runs south to (31 m.) Oneglia
on the Ligurian coast.

CEVENNES (Lat. _Cebenna_ or _Gebenna_), a mountain range of southern
France, forming the southern and eastern fringe of the central plateau
and part of the watershed between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins.
It consists of a narrow ridge some 320 m. long, with numerous lofty
plateaus and secondary ranges branching from it. The northern division
of the range, which nowhere exceeds 3320 ft. in height, extends, under
the name of the mountains of Charolais, Beaujolais and Lyonnais, from
the Col de Longpendu (west of Chalon-sur-Saone) in a southerly direction
to the Col de Gier. The central Cevennes, comprising the volcanic chain
of Vivarais, incline south-east and extend as far as the Lozere group.
The northern portion of this chain forms the Boutieres range. Farther
south it includes the Gerbier des Joncs (5089 ft.), the Mont de Mezenc
(5755 ft.), the culminating point of the entire range, and the Tana