of the minor tribunals by the federal
official governing the political division in which they are located.

_Army_.--For military purposes the republic is divided into five
districts, the northern desert provinces forming the first, the
central provinces as far south as the Bio-Bio the second and third,
and the southern provinces and territory the fourth and fifth. Large
sums of money have been expended in arms, equipment, guns and
fortifications. The army is organized on the German model and has been
trained by European officers who have been employed both for the
school and regiment. Though the president and minister of war are the
nominal heads of the army, its immediate direction is concentrated in
a general staff comprising six service departments, at the head of
which is a chief of staff. After the triumph of the revolutionists in
the civil war of 1891, the army was reorganized under the direction of
Colonel Emil Koerner, an accomplished German officer, who subsequently
served as chief of the general staff. In 1904 the permanent force
consisted of 12 battalions of infantry, 6 regiments of cavalry, 4
regiments of mountain artillery, 1 regiment of horse artillery, 2
regiments of coast artillery, and 5 companies of
engineers--aggregating 915 officers and 4757 men. To this nucleus were
added 6160 recruits, the contingent for that year of young men
twenty-one years of age compelled to serve with the colours. Under the
law of the 5th of September 1900, military service is obligatory for
all citizens between eighteen and forty-five years, all young men of
twenty-one years being required to serve a certain period with the
regular force. After this period they are transferred to the 1st
reserve for 9 years, and then to the 2nd reserve. The military rifle
adopted for all three branches of the service is the Mauser, 1895
model, of 7 mm. calibre, and the batteries are provided with Krupp
guns of 7 and 7.5 cm. calibre. Military instruction is given in a
well-organized military school at Santiago, a war academy and a school
of military engineering.

_Navy_.--The Chilean navy is essentially British in organization and
methods, and all its best fighting ships were built in British yards.
In 1906 the effective fighting force consisted of 1 battle ship, 2
belted cruisers, 4 protected cruisers, 3 torpedo gunboats, 6
destroyers and 8 modern torpedo boats. In ad