h the
dreams and personal views of the medicine-man who conducts them.

BURIAL--Everywhere throughout the hills and mountains of the reservation
one finds small heaps of stones. In most instances these mark Apache
graves. A favorite place of burial is a cleft in the rocks, in which the
body is placed by the deceased's relatives and covered with stones. These
small stones are always deposited one at a time, the Apache believing that
to put them on the body all at once would shorten the life of the one so
doing. Infants are usually placed on the upper branches of large cedar or
pinon trees. The child is wrapped in its carrier, or cradle-board, which
is left face up and covered with any sort of cloth, the belief being that
the souls of infants are not strong enough to come out through the stones,
should they be placed in the ground and covered therewith.

AFTER-WORLD--Re-created in the human form, Apache spirits are supposed to
dwell in a land of peace and plenty, where there is neither disease nor
death. The Milky Way is the path of all souls to the after-world. Yolkai
Nali{~COMBINING BREVE~}n is the guardian goddess of this spirit land, and the spirits of the
dead are supposed to journey four days before reaching it. Formerly horses
were killed beside the grave of the dead, that they might use them in the
after-world. For the same reason wearing apparel was also placed at the
grave, together with available articles of adornment and accoutrement.

NAMES FOR INDIAN TRIBES--

Apache - Nde (The People)

Arivaipa Apache - Chulinne{~COMBINING BREVE~}

Chiricahua Apache - Aiahan (People of the East)

Coyotero Apache - Klinapaha (Many Travel Together)

Havasupai - Dezhi{~COMBINING BREVE~}piklakulh (Women Dress in Bark)

Hopi - Tsekulkinne{~COMBINING BREVE~} (Houses on the Rocks)

Navaho - Yutahan (Live Far Up)

Northern Indians - Nda Yutahan (White-man Navaho)

Pima - Saikinne{~COMBINING BREVE~} (Sand Houses)

Rio Grande Pueblos - Tu Tlu{~COMBINING BREVE~}ni (Much Water)

San Carlos Apache - Tseenlin (Between Rocks)

Tonto Apache - Dilzha{~COMBINING BREVE~}n (Spatter-talkers), or Koun (Rough)

Zuni - Nashtizhe{~COMBINING BREVE~} (Blackened Eyebrows)

[Illustration: Infant Burial - Apache]

Infant Burial - Apache

_From Copyright Photograph 1906 by E.S. Curtis_

THE JICARILLAS

LANGUAGE--Athapascan.

POPULATION--784.

DRESS--The Jicarillas