se organs one from another in the brain had, according
to Gall, an influence on the constitution of the mind. "_Comme l'organe
des arts est place loin de l'organe du sens des couleurs, cette
circonstance explique pourquoi les peintres d'histoire ont ete rarement
coloristes_." All these "faculty-organs" were placed by Gall at the
surface of the brain. "This explains the correspondence which exists
between craniology and the doctrine of the functions of the brain
(cerebral physiology), the single aim of my researches." Gall wrote that
he found the bump of pride (_la bosse de l'orgueil_) as far down in the
animal series as the goat. Broussais traced the "organ" of veneration as
far down as the sheep. Gall found the bump of murder (_bosse du
meurtre_) in the carnivora. Later it was traced also in herbivora.
Broussais added apologetically that "the herbivora cause a real
destruction of plants."

Gall's doctrine enjoyed enormous vogue. He himself had the gifts and the
demerits of quackery. His doctrine possessed, apart from its falsity,
certain other mischievous qualities. "_Que ces hommes si glorieux, qui
font egorger les nations par millions, sachent qu'ils n'agissent point
de leur propre chef, que c'est la nature qui a place dans leur coeur la
rage de la destruction_." One of his scientific opponents rejoined,
"Nay, it is not that which they should know. What they should know is
that if providence has allowed to man the possibility of doing evil, it
has also endowed him with the power to do good." The main cause of the
success of phrenology (q.v.) has been no doubt the common desire of men
to read the characters and hidden thoughts of others by external signs.
Each bump or "bosse" on the cranium was supposed to indicate the
existence and degree of development of one or other of the twenty-seven
"faculties." One such "bosse" showed the development of the organ of
"goodness," and another the development of the organ of "murder." Such
an easy means to arrive at information so curious delighted many
persons, and they were not willingly undeceived.

_Modern Localization Doctrines._--The crude localization of the
phrenologists is therefore too clumsy to possess an interest it might
otherwise have had as an early expression of belief in cerebral
localization, a belief which other labours have subsequently justified,
although on facts and lines quite different from these imagined by Gall
and his followers. Patient scientific toil