was an inch in
diameter. The bottom heat was held at 70 degrees F. This may have been
too high, as on raising the cuttings it was found the callus had rotted.
This procedure has possibilities.

Literature Cited

1. Institut fur Obstbau, Berlin. Die Walnusz veredlung. (Vegetative
propagation of walnuts). Merkbl. Inst. Obstb. Berlin 5, pp. 15, 1936.

2. Lounsberry, C. C. Use of Growth Substance in Bench Grafting Walnuts
and Hickories. Northern Nut Growers Association 1938 Report, p. 63.

3. Nelson, Julius. Fermentation and Germ Life. N. J. Ag. Exp. Sta. Bul.
134, 1899.

4. Witt, A. W. and Howard Spence. Vegetative Propagation of Walnuts.
Ann. Rep. East Malling Res. Station 1926-27.

A Method of Budding Walnuts

H. LYNN TUTTLE, Clarkston, Wash.

It took man some thirty thousand years to learn to build a
fire--conveniently. I thought it was going to take me that long to learn
how to bud walnuts, but fortunately the period has been somewhat
shortened.

When I first began to propagate, or try to propagate, walnuts, I
naturally looked to the approved and accepted methods. For me, they did
not work. Before I was through I think I tried them all. I patch-budded
with variations and improvisations. I shield-budded and bark-grafted. I
coated the wounds with grafting-wax, latex, cellophane, asphalt and
paraffine. I trimmed off the bud shoulders to make a smoother tie and
trimmed around the edges to make more contact. I wrapped with raffia,
strings, rags and rubber strips and tacked with small nails. Whatever I
did or however I did it results were all about the same--the sap soured.
In fact over a period of years I tried every way I could think up or
read about to bring the bud and the cambium layer together and make them
stick. Results were surprisingly uniform--the sap soured.

But we must not dwell too long on the shots that missed. As with a
refractory engine that will suddenly sputter, there came some elements
of success. The point to learn was, why? Concentrating on the shield bud
entirely we determined to find these whys. So we tried taking big slabs
of bark along with the bud, peeling out the wood, breaking off the leaf
stem entirely and waxing the scar and making an unnecessarily long cut
for the bud. The bark stuck fairly well but the buds died. This was some
encouragement and I knew that with enough time, reason and a little luck
we would eventually hit the mark.

Now Dame Fortune had decreed that