s of the enemy, hence they refused to
go." "Likewise, if the dove _limokan_ calls on the left side of the
trail the party will refuse to proceed, unless another _limokan_ answers
the call from the right side of the path."

VI. MANDAYA.

("Inhabitants of the Uplands").

SYNONYMS.

(a) MANSAKA ("Inhabitants of the mountain clearings"). This name is
applied to those Mandaya who formerly dwelt far back in the mountains.
Many of this division have recently emigrated to the coast and are now
found at the north and east part of Davao Gulf.

(b) PAGSUPAN. The appellation by which the members of this tribe, living
near the Tagum and Hijo rivers, are known.

(c) MANGWANGA or MANGRANGAN ("Dwellers in the forests"). A name by which
are designated those Mandaya who live in the heavily forested mountains
skirting the coast.

(d) MANAGOSAN or MAGOSAN. The members of the tribe living on the
headwaters of the Agusan river bear this name.

(e) DIVAVAOAN. A division which inhabits a small district to the south
and west of Compostela. Very little is known of this people, but from
the information now at hand it seems that they should be classed as a
branch of the Mandaya.

HABITAT.

This tribe occupies both slopes of the mountain range which borders the
Pacific ocean, from about 9 degrees of North latitude south nearly to
Cape San Agustin. Its members are also found in considerable numbers
from the head of the Agusan drainage nearly to the town of Compostela,
and several settlements of this people are to be found along the Hijo
and Tagum rivers, while in recent years a number have established
themselves on the eastern side of Davao Gulf.

Generally speaking, this whole region is extremely mountainous and at
the same time heavily wooded. It is only when the Agusan, Hijo, and
Tagum rivers are approached that the country becomes more open. On the
Pacific coast there are few harbors, for the mountains extend down
almost to the water's edge forming high sheer cliffs. Aside from the
three rivers mentioned the water courses are, for the greater part,
small and unnavigable and a short distance back from the coast appear as
tiny rivulets at the bottom of deep canyons.

There is no organization of the tribe as a whole, since each district
has its local ruler who is subject to no other authority. These
divisions I are seldom on good terms, and are frequently in open warfare
with one another or with neighboring tribes.

Despite th