adopted their style of dress, but also substituted cotton for
hemp in the manufacture of their garments. Today the members of this
tribe can still be recognized by their close fitting suits of red and
yellow striped cloth, from which they have received the name of
Kagan.[91] They have also been constant borrowers, from all their
neighbors, of ideas for house-building and utensils. They have
intermarried to some extent with the Kulaman, and in times past Bila-an
and Bagobo slave women have been added to the tribe.

[91] The general name applied to red cotton trade cloth.

Today practically all the members of the Kagan division are found living
on the American plantations along the Padada and Bulatakay rivers. They
are on friendly terms with their Tagakaolo kinsmen, and are still so
like them in language, social customs, and religious beliefs, that one
description will suffice for both.

At some unrecorded date a considerable, portion of the tribe migrated to
the east side of Davao Gulf, and settled near Cape San Agustin, where,
it is said, they now number more than two thousand.

The name Tagakaolo signifies "those who dwell at the head of the river,"
and is applied to all the hill people living between the coast and the
country of the Bila-an. They have always been broken up into small
groups, often at war with one another, yet they appear to be quite
uniform in type, language, and religious beliefs. In recent years many
of them have been induced to come down to the coast plantations, but the
great majority still remain in the mountains. They are of a turbulent,
warlike disposition, and have been a constant source of trouble to the
Spanish and American authorities.[92] At the time of the writer's visit
they had joined with the Kulaman in raiding the coast settlements, and,
as a result, were being vigorously pursued by the American troops; for
this reason it was only possible to gain information from those
remaining on the plantations.

[92] Members of this tribe were responsible for the murder of Governor
Bolton.

The total number of persons making up the tribe is estimated at six
thousand, but this is at best a mere guess.

There is scarcely any variation in physical type between the Kagan
branch and the Tagakaolo proper, while for the whole tribe there is less
variation between its members than in any group so far discussed.

The following results were obtained by measurements on twenty-seven men:

Maximum