y should be destroyed,
and all who are taken captive should be enslaved for a specified
time. The Jesuits consider that the first step is to ascertain who
are guilty of inciting the outrages which the Zambales have committed
against both the Spaniards and their Indian allies--whether all of
that people, or only a few; whether their chiefs, or certain lawless
individuals. When this shall be known, then the guilty, and they
only should be punished. If the tribe as a whole, or their chiefs,
are responsible, war against them is justifiable; but it should be
waged with all possible mercy and moderation. These fathers also
recommend a limited period of enslavement for captives; and that the
women and children of the conquered people shall be removed from their
country and dispersed elsewhere in small bands--a proceeding from which
"they will receive much benefit, both spiritual and corporal." But
they protest against mutilation, except for those who shall commit
individual crimes. The Franciscan guardian renders a short opinion,
to the effect that malefactors should be punished, and highways made
safe for the Indian allies. If war be necessary to accomplish this,
then war is justifiable; but therein the innocent should be spared.

A letter of congratulation to the bishop, clergy, and people of
the Philippines is sent (March 25, 1592) by Clement VIII. On May 31,
Governor Dasmarinas writes to the king. He states that he has received
no letter from his Majesty since he arrived in the islands, and fears
that his own to Spain may be lost. The islands are generally in a
prosperous condition; trade is flourishing, the religious orders
are at peace, "and, aside from the bishop, everything is quite as
it should be." The cathedral church is complete; the seminary for
girls is established, and some of its inmates have been married,
and a new house is being erected for its use. The new fort is well
under way, and some artillery has been mounted in it. New galleys have
been built, which are manned by Zambale slaves captured in war. All
trading is now done by the royal ships, which is much less expensive
and more satisfactory. Dasmarinas recommends that private shippers
be charged a moderate rate on tonnage. The Zambales have been reduced
to subjection, their country devastated, and the survivors dispersed
in various new settlements. New explorations have been made in the
interior of Luzon; one, which seemed important, had to be abandoned