t of Maubenge.... These officers were selected with discernment; they
planned and carried out the operations; aided by immense resources,
in the shape of maps, plans and reconnaissances preserved in the
war department, they really operated according to the experience and
intelligence of the great generals under the monarchy."]

[Footnote 4161: Miot de Melito, "Memoires," I., 47.--Andre Michel,
"Correspondance de Mallet-Dupan avec la Cour de Vienne," I., 26. (January
3, 1795.) "The Convention feels so strongly the need of suitable aids to
support the burden of its embarrassments as to now seek for them among
pronounced royalists. For instance, it has just offered the direction of
the royal treasury to M. Dufresne, former chief of the department under
the reign of the late King, and retired since 1790. It is the same
spirit and making a still more extraordinary selection, which leads them
to appoint M. Gerard de Rayneval to the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs,
chief-clerk of correspondence since the ministry of the Duc de Choiseul
until that of the Comte de Montmorin inclusive. He is a man of decided
opinions and an equally decided character; in 1790 I saw him abandon
the department through aversion to the maxims which the Revolution had
forcibly introduced into it."]

[Footnote 4162: Marshal Marmont, "Memoires." At nine years of age he
rode on horseback and hunted daily with his father.]

[Footnote 4163: Among other manuscript documents, a letter of M. Symn
de Carneville, March II, 1781. (On the families of Carneville and
Montmorin-Saint-Herem, in 1789.) The latter family remains in France;
two of its members are massacred, two executed, a fifth "escaped the
scaffold by forestalling the justice of the people;" the sixth, enlisted
in the revolutionary armies, received a shot at nineteen years of age
which made him blind. The other family emigrated, and its chiefs, the
count and viscount Carneville commanded, one, a free company in the
Austrian service, and the other, a regiment of hussars in Conde's
army. Twelve officers of these two corps were brothers-in-law, nephews,
first-cousins and cousins of the two commanders, the first of whom
entered the service at fifteen, and the second at eleven.--Cf. "Memoires
du Prince de Ligne." At seven or eight years of age I had already
witnessed the din of battle, I had been in a besieged town, and
saw three sieges from a window. A little older, I was surrounded by
soldiers; old reti