it except in case of their default, or their
prolonged absence, or on proof of their having abandoned it.

All the rest, therefore falls to the State; first, the offices which
they would never claim, and which they will deliberately leave in its
hands, because they do not have that indispensable instrument, called
armed force. This force forces assures the protection of the community
against foreign communities, the protection of individuals against one
another, the levying of soldiers, the imposition of taxes, the execution
of the laws, the administration of justice and of the police.--Next
to this, come matters of which the accomplishment concerns everybody
without directly interesting any one in particular--the government of
unoccupied territory, the administration of rivers, coasts, forests and
public highways, the task of governing subject countries, the framing
of laws, the coinage of money, the conferring of a civil status,
the negotiating in the name of the community with local and special
corporations, departments, communes, banks, institutions, churches, and
universities.--Add to these, according to circumstances, sundry optional
co-operative services,[2217] such as subsidies granted to institutions
of great public utility, for which private contributions could not
suffice, now in the shape of concessions to corporations for which
equivalent obligations are exacted, and, again, in those hygienic
precautions which individuals fail to take through indifference; so
occasionally, such provisional aid as supports a man, or so stimulates
him as to enable him some day or other to support himself; and, in
general, those discreet and scarcely perceptible interpositions for
the time being which prove so advantageous in the future, like a
far-reaching code and other consistent regulations which, mindful of the
liberty of the existing individual, provide for the welfare of coming
generations. Nothing beyond that.

Again, in this preparation for future welfare the same principle still
holds.

VII. Fabrication of social instruments.

Fabrication of social instruments.--Application of this
principle.--How all kinds of useful laborers are formed.--
Respect for spontaneous sources, the essential and adequate
condition.--Obligation of the State to respect these.--They
dry up when it monopolizes them.--The aim of patriotism.--
The aim of other liberal dispositions.--Impoverishment of