d
keep the fear alive by which he rules, must be stimulated every day;
he must slaughter too many to be sure of slaughtering enough; he must
slaughter constantly, in heaps, indiscriminately, haphazard, no matter
for what offense, on the slightest suspicion, the innocent along with
the guilty. He and his are lost the moment they cease to obey this rule.
Every Jacobin, like every African monarch or pasha, must it that he
may be and remain at the head of his band.--That is the reason why
the chiefs of the party, its natural and pre-determined leaders, are
theoreticians able to grasp its principle and logicians capable of
drawing its consequences. They are, however, so inept as to be unable
to understand that their enterprise exceeds both their own and all other
human resources, but shrewd enough to see that brutal force is their
only tool, inhuman enough to apply it unscrupulously and without
reserve, and perverted enough to murder at random in order to
disseminate terror.

*****

[Footnote 2201: Buchez et Roux, XXXII, 354. (Speech by Robespierre in
the Convention, Floreal 18, year II.) "Sparta gleams like a flash of
lightening amidst profoundest darkness".]

[Footnote 2202: Milos taken by the Athenians; Thebes, after Alexander's
victory; Corinth, after its capture by the Romans.--In the Peloponnesian
war, the Plateans, who surrender at discretion, are put to death. Nicias
is murdered in cold blood after his defeat in Sicily. The prisoners at
oegos-Potamos have their thumbs cut off.]

[Footnote 2203: Fustel de Coulanges, "La Cite Antique", ch. XVII.]

[Footnote 2204: Plato, "The Apology of Socrates."--See also in the
"Crito" Socrates' reasons for not eluding the penalty imposed on him.
The antique conception of the State is here clearly set forth.]

[Footnote 2205: Cf. the code of Manu, the Zendavesta, the Pentateuch and
the Tcheou-Li. In this last code (Biot's translation), will be found the
perfection of the system, particularly in vol. I., 241, 247, II., 393,
III., 9, 11, 21, 52. "Every district chief, on the twelfth day of the
first moon, assembles together the men of his district and reads to
them the table of rules; he examines their virtue, their conduct, their
progress in the right path, and in their knowledge, and encourages them;
he investigates their errors, their failings and prevents them from
doing evil.... Superintendents of marriages see that young people marry
at the prescribed age." The reduction