these letters were handed over by Henry Reeve to
Krasinski's grandson, and published in Paris in 1902 with a Preface by
Dr. Kallenbach, of Lwow University, the chief authority on Krasinski."

KOSCIUSZKO

A BIOGRAPHY

KOSCIUSZKO

A BIOGRAPHY

BY

MONICA M. GARDNER

AUTHOR OF "ADAM MICKIEWICZ"; "POLAND; A STUDY IN NATIONAL
IDEALISM"; "THE ANONYMOUS POET OF POLAND," ETC.

LONDON: GEORGE ALLEN & UNWIN LTD.
RUSKIN HOUSE, 40 MUSEUM STREET W.C. 1
NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS

First published in 1920

(All rights reserved)

TO

WIESLAWA CICHOWICZOWNA

I AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATE THIS
BOOK UPON THE NATIONAL
HERO OF HER
COUNTRY

PREFACE

The appearance of an English biography of the Polish patriot, Tadeusz
Kosciuszko, requires no justification. Kosciuszko's name is prominent in
the long roll-call of Polish men and women who have shed their blood,
sacrificed their happiness, and dedicated their lives to gain the
liberation of Poland. We are now beholding what it was not given to them
to see, the fruit of the seed they sowed--the restoration of their
country to her place in the commonwealth of the world. It is therefore
only fitting that at this moment we should recall the struggle of one of
the noblest of Polish national heroes, whose newly risen country is the
ally of England and America, and whose young compatriots fought with
great gallantry by the side of British and American soldiers in the war
that has effected the deliverance of Kosciuszko's nation.

M. M. G.

CONTENTS

Preface 17

Note on the Pronunciation of Names 21

CHAPTER

I. The Youth of Kosciuszko 23

II. The Fight for American Freedom 37

III. The Years of Peace 53

IV. The First Fight for Poland 71

V. The Eve of the Rising 87

VI. The Rising of Kosciuszko--I. 96

VII. The Rising of Kosciuszko--II. 129

VIII. The Russian Prison 159

IX. Exile 173

List of Books Consulted 204

Index 205

NOTE ON THE PRONUNCIATION OF
POLISH NAMES

C==ts.

C, ci,==a soft English ch.

Ch==strongly aspirated h, resembling ch in Scotch loch.

Cz==ch, as in charm.

Dz==j.

J==y.