Lauzon was superseded as Governor of Canada, in 1658, by the
Viscompte d'Argenson. On the very morning of his arrival a large party
of Algonquins were menaced under the very guns of Quebec by the
Iroquois, who were driven off, but not captured, by a _posse_ of French
troops. In the following year Monseigneur l'Eveque de Petree, arrived
at Quebec, to preside over the Catholic Church. Francois de Petree, a
shrewd, energetic, learned prelate, was not, however, appointed to the
See of Quebec, by "Notre Saint Pere le Pape Clement X," as he himself
tells us, until the 1st October, 1664. In 1663 he established the
Seminary of Quebec, and united it with that of the du Bac, in Paris, in
1676. The education of young men for the ministry seemed to be his
great object. Trade would develop itself in time. The country could not
fail to become great with so much deep water flowing through it. But
religion must be provided for, and the Catholic, the most consistent,
if not the most enlightened, of any system of Christianity existing,
was his religion, and he paved the way for its extension. Four hundred
more soldiers had been added to the garrison before Francois de Laval
was even Bishop of Quebec, and they accompanied de Monts, as the Guards
did Lord Durham, who was also sent out to enquire into the condition of
Canada. In de Mont's time, Canada must have been in a very
extraordinary state. In 1668, an edict of the king prohibited swearing
and blasphemy. The king ruled that officers of the army had no
acknowledged rank in the Church. And in 1670, an arret du Conseil
encouraged "_les marriages des garcons et des filles du Canada_."

One of the most remarkable earthquakes of which we have read occurred
in Canada, soon after the arrival of the Bishop of Petrea. It happened,
too, in winter. On the 5th of February, 1663, at half-past five o'clock
in the evening, the earth began to heave so violently, that people
rushed in terror into the streets, only to be terrified the more. The
roofs of the buildings bent down, first on one side, then on the other.
The walls reeled backward and forward, the stones moving as if they
were detached from each other. The church bells rang. Wild and domestic
animals were flying in every direction. Fountains were thrown up.
Mountains were split in twain. Rivers changed their beds or were
totally lost. Huge capes or promontories tumbled into the St. Lawrence
and became islands. The convulsion lasted for six mon