al moment. The Highlanders rushing
forward, with the claymore, hewed down every opponent, and the fate of
the battle was no longer doubtful--the French retreated. Wolfe had just
been carried to the rear, mortally wounded in the groin. Early in the
battle, a ball struck him in the wrist, but binding his handkerchief
around it, he continued to encourage his men. It was while in the
agonies of death, that he heard the cry of "they flee," "they flee,"
and on being told that it was the French who fled, exclaimed, "Then I
die happy." His second in command, General Monckton, was wounded and
conveyed away, shortly after assuming the direction of affairs, when
the command devolved upon General Townshend who followed up the
victory, rendered the more telling by the death of the brave Montcalm,
who fell, mortally wounded, in front of his battalion, and that of his
second in command, General Jennezergus, who fell near him. Wolfe's army
consisted of only 4,828 men, Montcalm's of 7,520 men, exclusive of
Indians. The English loss amounted to 55 killed and 607 wounded, that
of the French to nearly a thousand killed and wounded; and a thousand
made prisoners. Montcalm was carried to the city; his last moments were
employed in writing to the English general, recommending the French
prisoners to his care and humanity; and when informed that his wound
was mortal, he sublimely remarked:--"I shall not then live to see the
surrender of Quebec." On the 14th he died, and on the evening of the
18th the keys of Quebec were delivered up to his conquerors, and the
British flag was hoisted on the citadel. French imperial rule had
virtually ended in Canada. Not so, French customs. By the capitulation,
which suffered the garrison to march out with the honors of war, the
inhabitants of the country were permitted the free exercise of their
religion; and, afterwards, in 1774, the Roman Catholic Church
establishment was recognized; and disputes concerning landed and real
property were to be settled by the _Coutume de Paris_. In criminal
cases only was the law of England to apply.

Admiral Saunders, with all the fleet, except two ships, sailed for
England, on the 18th of October, Quebec being left to the care of
General Murray and about 3,000 men. After the fleet had sailed, several
attempts were made upon the British outposts at Point Levi, Cape Rouge,
and St. Foy, unsuccessfully. Winter came, and the sufferings of the
conquerors and the conquered were dr