d the present state and appearance of Toronto. The revenue of the
country between 1775, and 1778, was not over L10,000. The salary of the
Governor-in-Chief was only L2,500.

[10] Then called Newark.

During the American War, the Canadians, though they exhibited no signs
of disaffection to Great Britain, did not ardently lend a helping hand
against the enemy. Being appealed to by Middleton, the President of the
Provisional Congress of Rebel States,--who told them that their Judges
and Legislative Council were dependent on the Governor, and their
Governor himself on the servant of the Crown in Great Britain; that the
executive, legislative, and judging powers were all moved by nods from
the Court of St. James; and that the Confederated States would receive
their ancient and brave enemies on terms of equality--the Canadians
stood firm in their new allegiance. It is more than probable, indeed,
that the bombastic state paper never reached the ears of those for whom
it was intended. There was no press in Canada at that period, and only
one newspaper, the "Quebec Gazette," established by one Gilmore, in
1764. Unable, as the majority of the French were, to read their own
language, it was not to be expected that they could read English. Still
less is it to be supposed that His Excellency Lord Dorchester
circulated it in French. Lord Dorchester was exceedingly prudent in his
administration of affairs, and,--unlike Governor Murray, who, by the
way, was succeeded in the administration of the Government by Paulus
AEmilius Irving, Esquire, with Brigadier General Carleton for Lieutenant
Governor, obtained the affection of one race and the resentment of the
other,--conciliated both races. His lordship, in one of his speeches
"from the throne," tells us that he "eschewed political hypocrisy,
which renders people the instruments of their own misery and
destruction." There was, in truth, no Parliament, in the proper sense
of the term, then. Such artifices as are now necessary for good
legislation, had not therefore to be resorted to.

On the political separation of the two sections of Canada, it was
agreed that Lower Canada should be permitted to levy the duties on
imports. Of all imports, Lower Canada was to receive seven-eighths, and
Upper Canada one eighth, and the revenue for the year following the
separation was L24,000, including L1,205, the proportion of the duties
belonging to Upper Canada. In those days, a week was consum